Vesicle-Directed Growth of Silica

Hubert, D.; Jung, Martin H.; Frederik, Peter M.; Bomans, Paul H. H.; Meuldijk, J.; German, Anton L.

doi:10.1002/1521-4095(200009)12:17<1286::aid-adma1286>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 225 publications

(152 citation statements)

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“…The first category is hollow particles characterized by pores that are distributed uniformly throughout their shells. Particles with this morphology are most often synthesized by using a large core template such as a nonpolar solvent, [8,9] microemulsion droplets, [10] pre-existing vesicles, [11][12][13][14] or latex microspheres. [15,16] Microporous or mesoporous silica coats the core template, and the template is removed to leave a hollow core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to prepare vesicular structures using these surfactants, special treatments have to be used to generate the vesicles. [11,21] In contrast to hydrogenated surfactants, partially fluorinated surfactants are prone to form low-curvature structures such as discs, bilayers, and vesicles. [22] We first reported the formation of vesicular silica with mesoporous shells by using the partially fluorinated surfactant CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 PyCl as a template, although in that case the walls seem to be formed from packed micelles rather than bilayers of surfactant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Inorganic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Particles Using a Cationic Surfactant with a Partially Fluorinated Tail

Tan

Vyas

Lehmler

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

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A new partially fluorinated cationic surfactant, 1‐(10‐perfluorooctyldecyl)pyridinium bromide monohydrate, is synthesized and used as the template for mesoporous ceramic and inorganic–organic hybrid particles. Several hydrolyzed alkoxide precursors are shown to co‐assemble with this surfactant to form hollow vesicle‐like particles, and the effect of changing the alkoxide chemical structure on the formation of these particles is examined. Tetramethoxysilane produces cubic or columnar particles without hollow cavities, but all other tetra‐n‐alkoxysilanes tested up to the n‐butoxide produce hollow particles. As the alkoxide length increases, the shell structure changes from multilayered (with Si(OC2H5)4) to a single thin layer (with Si(OC3H7)4) to a single thick layer (with Si(OC4H9)4). The stability of the fluorocarbon bilayers allows similar vesicular structures to be obtained in organic–inorganic hybrids prepared with bridged alkoxysilanes. Ethylene‐bridged silanes display similar structures to tetraalkoxysilanes. However, the hollow structures appear to partially collapse when the bridging chain is too long (octylene) and no hollow particles are formed with bis(trialkoxysilylpropyl)amines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Inorganic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Particles Using a Cationic Surfactant with a Partially Fluorinated Tail

Tan

Vyas

Lehmler

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

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“…As a result, very large hollow spheres (a few micrometers in diameter) with mesoporous walls were obtained, in which high intrusion energy (high stir speed) was often involved [11]. In other works, vesicle structures [12], giant surfactant superstructures [13,14], even bubbles etc. have been used to assist in the construction of macro-mesoporous materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Macro–mesoporous silicas complex and the carbon replica

Bao

et al. 2007

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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Novel macroporous silicas with ordered mesoporous wall structures (~15 nm in pore size) have been synthesized by finely balancing the emulsification of the oil phase with the self-assembly of the amphiphilic block copolymers. The nanocasting method was used to produce hierarchically ordered macro-mesoporous carbon materials. These porous materials have potential applications in catalysis, sorption, separation, etc.Keywords: Hierarchy; Macro-mesoporous; Silica; Carbon; Emulsion; Hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance IntroductionSince the first report of self-assembled mesoporous silicas [1], great efforts have been made to construct inorganic hierarchical structures [2], especially materials with multimodal porosity [3], which is of great importance in the fields of controlled drug-delivery, catalysis, adsorption, and other energy-related applications. Various approaches have been invented for the fabrication of multimodal porous materials, which are well summarized in recent review papers [4,5]. Emulsion templating has been considered one of the most promising routes to produce macroporous materials with tunable pore sizes from 50 nm to a few micrometers [6]. The introduction of macroporosity into mesoporous materials by emulsion templating, however, was found to be far more difficult than expected [7]. For example, for the amphiphilic block copolymers involved emulsion systems [8], strong interactions between oil phase and amphiphilic block copolymers, especially when large amounts of oil (e.g., TMB) was used, often leads to the destruction of mesoscale ordering, forming a lamellar [9] or mesocellular foam (MCF) structures eventually [10]. On the other hand, systems with weaker oil-surfactant interactions are not easily emulsified. As a result, very large hollow spheres (a few micrometers in diameter) with mesoporous walls were obtained, in which high intrusion energy (high stir speed) was often involved [11]. In other works, vesicle structures [12], giant surfactant superstructures [13,14], even bubbles etc. have been used to assist in the construction of macro-mesoporous materials. Su et al. [14] have synthesized a set of hierarchically macro-mesoporous metal oxide in a single surfactant system, in which the templating of giant surfactant superstructures (from unreacted excess surfactant) is responsible for the formation of channel-like macropore systems. However, this approach does not work to prepare silica systems with similar porous structures [15]. To date, only hard template routes, such as colloidal crystals, have been successfully used in the construction of macro-mesoporous materials [4]. It remains a challenge to find a facile and efficient route to the fabrication of hierarchically ordered macro-mesostructures. Our previous studies show that different alkanes have different interactions with P123 amphiphilic block copolymer. By tuning the initial reaction temperatures and compositions of the synthetic mixture, control of inorganic-organic micelle arrangements may be achieved. As a result, mesopor...

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“…Our systematic study using different types of surfactant and different silica-precursors clearly has shown that successful deposition of silica on the vesicles is possible. [10] A silica deposit of about 10 nm can be achieved. These so-called ªpetrifiedº vesicles are stable to dehydration and can be visualized using conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) without additional staining (Fig.…”

Section: Vesicle-directed Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicle Templating

2000

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Vesicle templating presents a unique opportunity to construct submicrometer hollow particles. These authors give an overview of recent developments, discussing both polymerization inside the vesicle membrane (see Figure), and growth on the outer surface of the vesicle. Successful vesicle templating requires an understanding of the interactions between the vesicle bilayer, the polymer precursor, and the growing material.

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Vesicle-Directed Growth of Silica

Cited by 225 publications

References 4 publications

Synthesis of Inorganic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Particles Using a Cationic Surfactant with a Partially Fluorinated Tail

Synthesis of Inorganic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Particles Using a Cationic Surfactant with a Partially Fluorinated Tail

Macro–mesoporous silicas complex and the carbon replica

Vesicle Templating

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