VeryVote: A Voter Verifiable Code Voting System

Abstract

Abstract. Code voting is a technique used to address the secure platform problem of remote voting. A code voting system consists in secretly sending, e.g. by mail, code sheets to voters that map their choices to entry codes in their ballot. While voting, the voter uses the code sheet to know what code to enter in order to vote for a particular candidate. In effect, the voter does the vote encryption and, since no malicious software on the PC has access to the code sheet it is not able to change the voter's intention. However, without compromising the voter's privacy, the vote codes are not enough to prove that the vote is recorded and counted as cast by the election server.We present a voter verifiable code voting solution which, without revealing the voter's vote, allows the voter to verify, at the end of the election, that her vote was cast and counted as intended by just performing the match of a few small strings. Moreover, w.r.t. a general code voting system, our solution comes with only a minor change in the voting interaction.

EVIV: An end-to-end verifiable Internet voting system

“…The remaining three Internet E2E voting systems we are aware of (Ryan and Teague, 2009;Joaquim et al, 2009;Heiberg et al, 2010) use a code voting (Chaum, 2001;Oppliger, 2002) style voter interaction, combined with some cryptographic techniques to provide privacy and voter recorded-as-intended verification.…”

“…The VeryVote system (Joaquim et al, 2009) combines the code voting approach with the highly sound Neff (2004) castas-intended verification mechanism (MarkPledge). The castas-intended verification mechanism used in VeryVote offers a soundness of 1 À k!/2 a , where a is a configurable security …”

An Efficient and Highly Sound Voter Verification Technique and Its Implementation

“…Adida and Neff [3] and Joaquim et al [19] present simplifications to the voter interaction of MP, improving its usability. In 2006, and also based on the MP construction, Moran and Naor presented a voter verifiable voting system with everlasting privacy [21], replacing the vote encryption with vote commitments.…”

“…Note however, that each MP version (MP1, MP2 and MP3) may be used in different voting protocols, e.g. the original one [22], the simplified versions [3,22], and the Internet protocol of [19]. The described MP vote protocol has four phases [3]: the first three match the usually ZKP (commit, challenge, validation), and the last one is an anonimization and counting step.…”

“…In MP based vote protocols [1,3,4,19,22], the voter's choice is encrypted with a Y ESvote, for the selected candidate, and with several independent N Ovotes for the non selected candidates. Then, a vote receipt is created with the verification codes of all candidate vote encryptions.…”