Very long chain N-3 fatty acids intake and carotid atherosclerosis

Hino, Asuka; Adachi, Hisashi; Toyomasu, Kohji; Yoshida, Noriko; Enomoto, Masaru; Hiratsuka, Akiko; Hirai, Yuji; Satoh, Akira; Imaizumi, Tsutomu

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.04.020

Cited by 92 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…16 Tanushimaru was a Japanese cohort of the Seven Countries Study. 16,17 As reported previously, 18 the demographic backgrounds of the subjects in this area were similar to those of the general Japanese population, and the dietary pattern in this district examined in 1999 was similar to that of the National Nutrition Survey in Japan. 18 We examined 1235 persons over the age of 40 years.…”

Section: Study Populationsupporting

confidence: 50%

Plasma Aldosterone Levels and Development of Insulin Resistance

et al. 2011

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Abstract-Aldosterone plays a role in hypertension, and hypertension is prevalent in patients with insulin resistance.Cross-sectional studies have reported that plasma aldosterone levels are higher in patients with insulin resistance. However, it is not known whether plasma aldosterone levels predict the development of insulin resistance. Subjects of the present study were 1235 local residents (490 men and 745 women) who participated in health screenings in Japan in 1999. Plasma aldosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between plasma aldosterone levels and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment index Ն1.73 according to the diagnostic criteria used in Japan) in 1088 nondiabetic participants. At the 10-year follow-up, 141 subjects had died, and 260 subjects refused re-examination. We performed a prospective analysis of 564 subjects to predict incident insulin resistance. We found a significant (PϽ0.001) cross-sectional relationship between plasma aldosterone and homeostasis model assessment index at baseline. In the prospective analysis, a significantly higher (PϽ0.05) relative risk ( he most important physiological role of aldosterone is to control water homeostasis and electrolytes balance. High levels of adrenal aldosterone secretion cause hypertension, that is, primary aldosteronism, a well-known form of secondary hypertension. Moreover, high plasma aldosterone levels predict the development of hypertension. 1 In view of the fact that aldosterone is a mineral corticosteroid, the association of aldosterone and hypertension is not doubted. Recently, the association between aldosterone and obesity or insulin resistance has attracted much attention. Experimental evidence suggests an interaction between aldosterone and insulin. 2 Aldosterone induces hypokalemia, which may modulate insulin secretion, has direct effects on insulin receptor function, 3,4 causes pancreatic ␤-cell dysfunction or even apoptosis, 5 interferes with insulin signaling pathways, 6 and decreases insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes in vitro. 7 Moreover, aldosterone reduces the expression of insulinsensitizing factors, such as adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-␥, in obese, diabetic mice. 8 In addition to the above-mentioned in vitro and animal studies, several clinical studies reported an association between plasma aldosterone levels and insulin resistance. Plasma aldosterone levels are elevated in hypertensive obese subjects. 9 Cross-sectional studies have shown an association between plasma aldosterone levels and insulin resistance in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. 10,11 Moreover, insulin resistance was restored by surgical intervention or mineralocorticoid receptor blocker in primary hyperaldosteronism. 12 However, contradictory results were reported by other investigators showing no difference of glucose metabolism in a relatively small number of subjects with primary hyperaldosteronism and essential hypertension 13 and showing no cha...

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Section: Study Populationsupporting

confidence: 50%

Plasma Aldosterone Levels and Development of Insulin Resistance

et al. 2011

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“…A cross-sectional observational study (ERA JUMP study) reported that the DHA, but not the EPA, level was negatively correlated with the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), one of the representative atherogenic indicators 20) . In contrast, other studies reported that the EPA, but not DHA, level was negatively correlated with the carotid and femoral intima-media thickness 21,22) . Moreover, a recent study showed that carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients treated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl esters (EPA and DHA) more readily incorporated EPA than DHA, and that the EPA content of plaque phospholipids was inversely associated with plaque instability and inflammation 23) .…”

Section: Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 39%

“…The Framingham Heart Study reported that a high plasma phosphatidylcholine DHA level was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing all-cause dementia 18) . On the other hand, several basic and clinical studies revealed differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors [19][20][21] . A cross-sectional observational study (ERA JUMP study) reported that the DHA, but not the EPA, level was negatively correlated with the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), one of the representative atherogenic indicators 20) .…”

Section: Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Increase in the EPA/AA Ratio is Associated with Improved Arterial Stiffness in Obese Patients with Dyslipidemia

Itô

Satoh‐Asahara

Yamakage

et al. 2014

JAT

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Aim: Previous epidemiological studies demonstrated that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with cardiovascular diseases. We herein investigated whether the beneficial effect of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on arterial stiffness is associated with changes in the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as EPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), relative to arachidonic acid (AA), in obese Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. Methods: The EPA/AA, DHA/AA and DGLA/AA ratios were compared between obese patients with (n=94) and without (n= 31) dyslipidemia. Among the former group, 88 patients received either highly purified EPA treatment (1.8 g daily, n = 45) or treatment without EPA (control, n = 43). Results: At baseline, the ratios of DHA/AA and DGLA/AA were significantly (P＜0.05) higher in obese patients with dyslipidemia than in those without, while the EPA/AA ratio was similar between patients with and without dyslipidemia. EPA significantly reduced the hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) (an index of arterial stiffness) and the DGLA/AA ratio relative to the control at three months after the treatment. On the other hand, EPA significantly increased the adiponectin level and EPA/AA ratio (P＜0.05). A multivariate regression analysis revealed that only age, an increase in the EPA/AA ratio and a decrease in the CRP level were significant determinants of a reduction of the CAVI by EPA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that EPA improves the arterial stiffness in association with an increase in the EPA/AA ratio and a decrease in inflammation in obese patients with dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2014; 21:248-260.

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“…Epidemiological evidence indicates that intakes of all three of the LC n-3 PUFA (EPA, DHA, DPA) are significantly and inversely related to carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) (5) 0.11+) all correlated with negatively with IMT, which suggests that the cardiovascular benefits attributed to LC n-3 PUFA are not just attributable to EPA and DHA, but also to DPA (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Seal Oil to Tuna Oil on Plasma Lipid Levels and Blood Pressure in Hypertriglyceridaemic Subjects

Meyer

Lane

Mann

2009

Lipids

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Comparison of seal oil to tuna oil on plasma lipid levels and blood pressure in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects AbstractAs meat is a rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and Australians consume six times more meat than fish, investigation of the potential health benefit of DPA is warranted. The aims were to compare the effects of seal oil supplementation with fish oil, on measures of plasma lipids and blood pressure in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects. Forty-eight volunteers were recruited from the Wollongong community and were randomly allocated to one of three groups either receiving 1 g/day of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) using one of three oils: seal oil capsules (340 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 230 mg DPA, 450 mg DHA), fish oil capsules (210 mg EPA, 30 mg DPA, 810 mg DHA) or placebo capsules (containing sunola oil) for 6 weeks. Plasma triglycerides remained unchanged in the placebo group, whilst reductions of 7 and 14% (P\0.05) were seen in the fish oil and seal oil groups respectively. Systolic blood pressure improved by 8 and 5 mmHg with seal oil and fish oil respectively (P\0.05). The mean arterial pressure was significantly lower after seal oil supplementation (P\0.005) compared with the placebo group. These results indicate that seal oil is as effective as fish oil in lowering plasma triglycerides and blood pressure. AbstractAs meat is a rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and Australians consume 6 times more meat than fish, investigation of the potential health benefit of DPA is warranted. The aims were to compare the effects of seal oil supplementation with fish oil, on measures of plasma lipids and blood pressure in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects. Forty-eight volunteers were recruited from the Wollongong community and were randomly allocated to one of three groups receiving 1g/d of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) using one of three oils: seal oil capsules (340mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 230mg DPA, 450mg DHA), fish oil capsules (210mg EPA, 30mg DPA, 810mg DHA) or placebo capsules (containing sunola oil) for 6 weeks. Plasma triglycerides remained unchanged in the placebo group, whilst reductions of 7% and 14% (p<0.05) were seen in the fish oil and seal oil groups respectively. Systolic blood pressure improved by 8 and 5 mmHg with seal oil and fish oil respectively (p<0.05).The mean arterial pressure was significantly lower after seal oil supplementation (p<0.005) compared with the placebo group. These results indicate that seal oil is as effective as fish oil in lowering plasma triglycerides and blood pressure.

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Very long chain N-3 fatty acids intake and carotid atherosclerosis

Cited by 92 publications

References 39 publications

Plasma Aldosterone Levels and Development of Insulin Resistance

Plasma Aldosterone Levels and Development of Insulin Resistance

An Increase in the EPA/AA Ratio is Associated with Improved Arterial Stiffness in Obese Patients with Dyslipidemia

Comparison of Seal Oil to Tuna Oil on Plasma Lipid Levels and Blood Pressure in Hypertriglyceridaemic Subjects

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