Very deep STD

Ellis, Derek; Ellis, Katharine

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(94)90519-3

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Deep-Sea Tailing Placement (DSTP): disposal of tailings in relatively deep waters (>100 m) through a submerged pipe below the euphotic zone, at the edge of a drop-off. The tailings create a gravity flow that deposits the material on the deep seafloor below 1000 m depth (Ellis and Ellis, 1994;Shimmield et al, 2010;Franks et al, 2011;Sierralta, 2014;Skei, 2014;Hughes et al, 2015) (Fig. 4C).…”

Section: Tailing Disposal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Riverine discharge was one of the most common tailing disposal methods worldwide before environmental issues and legislation came into force (Vogt, 2013). Today, one mine in Indonesia and 3 mines in Papua New Guinea still conduct riverine disposal of waste, causing extensive damage to the environment and the local population (Ellis and Ellis, 1994;Shimmield et al, 2010;Vogt, 2013). Dumping mine tailings in shallow-water coastal areas within the euphotic mixed zone was also commonly used until recently (Medina et al, 2005), but the current trend is towards disposal of mine tailings in deeper waters, below the mixed layer (Ellis and Ellis, 1994).…”

Section: Brief History Of Practices and Methods For Tailing Disposal mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Today, one mine in Indonesia and 3 mines in Papua New Guinea still conduct riverine disposal of waste, causing extensive damage to the environment and the local population (Ellis and Ellis, 1994;Shimmield et al, 2010;Vogt, 2013). Dumping mine tailings in shallow-water coastal areas within the euphotic mixed zone was also commonly used until recently (Medina et al, 2005), but the current trend is towards disposal of mine tailings in deeper waters, below the mixed layer (Ellis and Ellis, 1994). In Norway, there is a long history of depositions of mine tailings in the marine environment dating from the late 17th Century, with currently 7 active sites and two mines that have started a permit application process (Kvassnes and Iversen, 2013).…”

Section: Brief History Of Practices and Methods For Tailing Disposal mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4A). Submarine Tailing Disposal (STD): disposal of tailings through an underwater pipeline at relatively shallow (<100 m) but submerged water depths in the euphotic zone (Ellis and Ellis, 1994;Shimmield et al, 2010;Vogt, 2013;Skei, 2014). The discharge creates a gravity flow that deposits the tailings on the seafloor in deeper areas below the euphotic zone .…”

Section: Tailing Disposal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Submarine and deep-sea mine tailing placements: A review of current practices, environmental issues, natural analogs and knowledge gaps in Norway and internationally

Ramirez-Llodra

Trannum

Evenset

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

133

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Section: Tailing Disposal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Brief History Of Practices and Methods For Tailing Disposal mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Brief History Of Practices and Methods For Tailing Disposal mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Tailing Disposal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Submarine and deep-sea mine tailing placements: A review of current practices, environmental issues, natural analogs and knowledge gaps in Norway and internationally

Ramirez-Llodra

Trannum

Evenset

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The concept of DSTD is based on discharge at the edge (usually 100-300 m depth) of an extended drop-off, to a final deposition depth of 1,000 m or more, and at a depth below the euphotic surface mixing zone (Ellis and Ellis, 1994). To achieve deeper deposition, the discharge must be at a location where the tailings slurry from the pipeline will form a density/turbidity current flowing coherently with minimal plume dispersal until it reaches the base of the drop-off.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Considerations for the Assessment and Management of Mine Tailings Disposal in the Deep Sea

et al. 2018

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Deep-sea tailings disposal (DSTD) and its shallow water counterpart, submarine tailings disposal (STD), are practiced in many areas of the world, whereby mining industries discharge processed mud-and rock-waste slurries (tailings) directly into the marine environment. Pipeline discharges and other land-based sources of marine pollution fall beyond the regulatory scope of the London Convention and the London Protocols (LC/LP). However, guidelines have been developed in Papua New Guinea (PNG) to improve tailings waste management frameworks in which mining companies can operate. DSTD can impact ocean ecosystems in addition to other sources of stress, such as from fishing, pollution, energy extraction, tourism, eutrophication, climate change and, potentially in the future, from deep-seabed mining. Environmental management of DSTD may be most effective when placed in a broader context, drawing expertise, data and lessons from multiple sectors (academia, government, society, industry, and regulators) and engaging with international deep-ocean observing programs, databases and stewardship consortia. Here, the challenges associated with DSTD are identified, along with possible solutions, based on the results of a number of robust scientific studies. Also highlighted are the key issues, trends of improved practice and techniques that could be used if considering DSTD (such as increased precaution if considering submarine canyon locations), likely cumulative impacts, and research needed to address current knowledge gaps.

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Environmental Adaptive Management: Application on Submarine Mine Tailings Disposal

Jensen¹,

Hylland

2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Marine tailings disposal from mineral production is expected to have an environmental impact. In this case study we use a discharge of limestone processing tailings to a Norwegian fjord to describe an adaptive management process. The aim of the paper is to describe the development of an environmental adaptive management system (EAMS), contrasted with management simply based on the quantity of the discharge. The main driver for developing a new management system for the submarine tailings deposits was a desire to establish a system based on what was perceived as important to all stakeholders, that is, environmental impact. Involvement of stakeholders is essential, and a resource group with members from fisheries, local interest organizations, scientists, independent experts, and managers from the mining company jointly defined common sets of acceptance criteria to evaluate impact. Introduction of an EAMS has resulted in a change in the company's view of the impact their activity has on the environment and in an increased willingness to initiate monitoring and research to reduce knowledge gaps and uncertainty and impact on the marine environment. Environmental adaptive management has facilitated the development of a more ecologically relevant, integrated, and focused submarine tailings deposits management. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:575–583. © 2019 SETAC

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Very deep STD

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Submarine and deep-sea mine tailing placements: A review of current practices, environmental issues, natural analogs and knowledge gaps in Norway and internationally

Submarine and deep-sea mine tailing placements: A review of current practices, environmental issues, natural analogs and knowledge gaps in Norway and internationally

Scientific Considerations for the Assessment and Management of Mine Tailings Disposal in the Deep Sea

Environmental Adaptive Management: Application on Submarine Mine Tailings Disposal

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