Submarine and deep-sea mine tailing placements: A review of current practices, environmental issues, natural analogs and knowledge gaps in Norway and internationally

Ramirez-Llodra, Eva; Trannum, Hilde Cecilie; Evenset, Anita; Levin, Lisa A.; Andersson, Malin; Finne, Tor Erik; Hilario, Ana Belén Ríos; Flem, Belinda; Christensen, Guttorm; Schaanning, Morten; Vanreusel, Ann

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.062

Cited by 133 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…In the vulnerable Arctic environment, the impact of especially hazardous wastes can have severe consequences (Lemly, 1994;Moiseenko, 1999;Poland et al, 2003;Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2015;Rylander et al, 2011) and the reduction and safe handling of these waste types are therefore an important issue in the Arctic nations. Although bricks are a well-suited building material for cold climates (Brick Industry Association, 2006), the Arctic region does not have a strong tradition for masonry structures in comparison to other parts of the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mine tailings worldwide often present major economic and environmental challenges to both the mining companies and the local community (Lorber and Antrekowitsch, 2011;Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2015;Reid et al, 2009;Roy et al, 2007). They are traditionally disposed in large subaerial (or underground) facilities or in subaqueous environments, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lakes or marine water. Due to serious environmental hazards, such as heavy metal pollution, the tailings disposals often need continuous surveillance even after the mining operations have terminated (Elberling et al, 2002;Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2015). Several authors have investigated the potential for using residues from the mineral resource industry as secondary raw materials for the production of clay-based ceramics (Chen et al, 2011;Menezes et al, 2005;Roy et al, 2007;Segadães et al, 2005;Torres et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Screening of heavy metal containing waste types for use as raw material in Arctic clay-based bricks

Belmonte

Ottosen

Kirkelund

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening of heavy metal containing waste types for use as raw material in Arctic clay-based bricks

Belmonte

Ottosen

Kirkelund

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…This material contains mud, silt and sand, water, low concentrations of targeted minerals (e.g., gold, copper, and silver), and measureable concentrations of other metals such as arsenic, cobalt, nickel, mercury, lead, zinc, as well as processing wastes such as sodium cyanide, lime and other acids (Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2015). DSTD EIAs require rigorous studies of hydrology and local topography to determine feasibility of site selection, together with comprehensive studies aimed to create baselines of abiotic (environmental) and biotic (ecology and function) properties of the actual seabed and overlying ecosystems in order to assess potential environmental impacts.…”

Section: Dstd Impacts and Ecosystem Recovery Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, both the tailings outfall and the final tailings deposition area have been progressively designed to be located deeper (below sea level) in an attempt to minimize environmental impacts (Shimmield et al, 2010;Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2015), the process termed DSTD. The general features of DSTD have been outlined by Apte and Kwong (2004), Shimmield et al (2010), Reichelt-Brushett (2012), Vogt (2012), RamirezLlodra et al (2015), and Morello et al (2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Scientific Considerations for the Assessment and Management of Mine Tailings Disposal in the Deep Sea

et al. 2018

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Deep-sea tailings disposal (DSTD) and its shallow water counterpart, submarine tailings disposal (STD), are practiced in many areas of the world, whereby mining industries discharge processed mud-and rock-waste slurries (tailings) directly into the marine environment. Pipeline discharges and other land-based sources of marine pollution fall beyond the regulatory scope of the London Convention and the London Protocols (LC/LP). However, guidelines have been developed in Papua New Guinea (PNG) to improve tailings waste management frameworks in which mining companies can operate. DSTD can impact ocean ecosystems in addition to other sources of stress, such as from fishing, pollution, energy extraction, tourism, eutrophication, climate change and, potentially in the future, from deep-seabed mining. Environmental management of DSTD may be most effective when placed in a broader context, drawing expertise, data and lessons from multiple sectors (academia, government, society, industry, and regulators) and engaging with international deep-ocean observing programs, databases and stewardship consortia. Here, the challenges associated with DSTD are identified, along with possible solutions, based on the results of a number of robust scientific studies. Also highlighted are the key issues, trends of improved practice and techniques that could be used if considering DSTD (such as increased precaution if considering submarine canyon locations), likely cumulative impacts, and research needed to address current knowledge gaps.

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Effects of Mine Tailings Exposure on Early Life Stages of Atlantic Cod

Reinardy¹,

Pedersen

Nahrgang

et al. 2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In Norway, mine tailings waste can be deposited by coastal submarine dispersal. Mine tailings slurry includes fine particles <10 µm with elevated levels of metals (e.g., copper, iron) from residual mineral ore. Prolonged suspension of small particles in the water column may bring them into contact with locally spawned pelagic fish eggs, including Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Newly fertilized cod embryos were exposed to suspended mine tailings particles up to 3.2 mg/L in flow‐through aquaria for a total of 21 d. Significantly more particles adhered to the surface of the chorion from the high treatment after 11‐d exposure, and dissolved Cu concentrations increased in the water (up to 0.36 ± 0.06 µg/L). There was no adverse effect on embryo mortality but an 8% elevation in larval mortality. There were no differences with treatment on timing of hatching, embryo and larva morphometrics, abnormalities, or cardiac activity. There was a treatment‐dependent up‐regulation of stress marker genes (hspa8, cyp1c1) but no indication of metal‐induced activation of metallothionien (mt gene transcription). Transcription markers for DNA and histone methyltransferases did show treatment‐related up‐regulation, indicative of altered methylation in larvae when developmental methylation patterns are determined, indicating some level of chronic toxicity that may have longer‐term effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1446–1454. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

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Submarine and deep-sea mine tailing placements: A review of current practices, environmental issues, natural analogs and knowledge gaps in Norway and internationally

Cited by 133 publications

References 130 publications

Screening of heavy metal containing waste types for use as raw material in Arctic clay-based bricks

Screening of heavy metal containing waste types for use as raw material in Arctic clay-based bricks

Scientific Considerations for the Assessment and Management of Mine Tailings Disposal in the Deep Sea

Effects of Mine Tailings Exposure on Early Life Stages of Atlantic Cod

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