Vertical transmission of hepatitis E virus

Khuroo, Mohammad Sultan; Kamalı, Sevil; Jameel, Shahid

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90761-0

Cited by 311 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…50 Similarly, a proportion of babies born to mothers with acute hepatitis E during the third trimester of pregnancy have showed evidence of HEV infection in the form of detectable HEV RNA or IgM anti-HEV antibodies in cord blood. 51 However, the contribution of these routes to the overall burden of hepatitis E appears to be small.…”

Section: Reservoir Of Infection and Routes Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Aggarwal

2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Section: Reservoir Of Infection and Routes Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Aggarwal

2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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“…Maternal mortality rates of about 25% in association with fulminant hepatic failure have been observed in HEV‐infected pregnant women,18 and the human placenta was also implicated as an extrahepatic replication site of HEV. Notably, vertical transmission has been shown to occur frequently,19 and adverse fetal outcome, especially in the third trimester, include preterm delivery, abortion, stillbirth, and intrauterine fetal and neonatal death 18, 20, 21. However, the underlying pathologic and virologic mechanisms of an HEV gt1 infection during pregnancy remain largely undefined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus replication and interferon responses in human placental cells

Knegendorf

Drave

Thi

et al. 2018

Hepatology Communications

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a member of the genus Orthohepevirus in the family Hepeviridae and the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans. HEV is a major health problem in developing countries, causing mortality rates up to 25% in pregnant women. However, these cases are mainly reported for HEV genotype (gt)1, while gt3 infections are usually associated with subclinical courses of disease. The pathogenic mechanisms of adverse maternal and fetal outcome during pregnancy in HEV‐infected pregnant women remain elusive. In this study, we observed that HEV is capable of completing the full viral life cycle in placental‐derived cells (JEG‐3). Following transfection of JEG‐3 cells, HEV replication of both HEV gts could be observed. Furthermore, determination of extracellular and intracellular viral capsid levels, infectivity, and biophysical properties revealed production of HEV infectious particles with similar characteristics as in liver‐derived cells. Viral entry was analyzed by infection of target cells and detection of either viral RNA or staining for viral capsid protein by immunofluorescence. HEV gt1 and gt3 were efficiently inhibited by ribavirin in placental as well as in human hepatoma cells. In contrast, interferon‐α sensitivity was lower in the placental cells compared to liver cells for gt1 but not gt3 HEV. Simultaneous determination of interferon‐stimulated gene expression levels demonstrated an efficient HEV‐dependent restriction in JEG‐3. Conclusion: We showed differential tissue‐specific host responses to HEV genotypes, adding to our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to fatal outcomes of HEV infections during pregnancy. Using this cell‐culture system, new therapeutic options for HEV during pregnancy can be identified and evaluated. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:173–187)

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“…[8][9][10] Membrane rupture, spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth, as well as increased neonatal mortality (up to 25%), are associated with HEV infections in pregnancy. 9,11,12 This pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The epidemiology of HEV is complex, and unlike other enteric pathogens such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), HEV infection is more common in the second and third decades of life in endemic South Asian populations, whereas Egyptian studies have shown more frequent antibody prevalence in young children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Rural Bangladesh

Labrique¹,

Zaman²,

Hossain³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a substantial burden of sporadic and epidemic disease worldwide. HEV infections result in serious morbidity and mortality, especially among pregnant women, and have significant economic costs. Few population-based studies have characterized the epidemiology of HEV. A rural Bangladeshi population was studied to determine the age-and gender-specific population seroprevalence of antibodies to HEV. Of 1,134 specimens tested from a representative, random population sample, 255 (22.5%) were anti-HEV IgG seropositive. Seroprevalence was lower among women (19.7%) than among men (25.8%). We found anti-HBc (hepatitis B core) in 380 of 1080(35.2%) tested, anti-HCV (hepatitis C) in 14 of 917(1.5%) tested, and anti-HAV (hepatitis A) in 116 of 124(93.5%) tested individuals. Our data suggest that viral hepatitis, especially HEV, remains an under-recognized and significant public health problem in rural Bangladeshi populations, warranting further attention.

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Vertical transmission of hepatitis E virus

Cited by 311 publications

References 4 publications

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Hepatitis E virus replication and interferon responses in human placental cells

Population Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Rural Bangladesh

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