Vertical stratification of ithomiine butterfly (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) mimicry complexes: the relationship between adult flight height and larval host–plant height

Beccaloni, George

doi:10.1006/bijl.1997.0165

Cited by 67 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…For instance: the number of Euglossina bees in Central Amazon forests was found significantly larger in higher elevations (10-12 m) (Oliveira & Campos 1996); in an experimental assay with flowers of Cassia biflora Griseb. (Caesalpinioidea), the bee species Anthophorini and Euglossina foraged more intensively in flowers located higher (Frankie & Coville 1979); in another study, the flight height of butterflies belonging to the subfamily Ithomiinae was positively correlated with the height of its larvae's host plants (Beccaloni 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trap-nest occupation by solitary wasps and bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) in a forest urban remanent

Loyola¹,

Martins²

2006

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Neotropical Entomology 35(1): 041-048 (2006) Ocupação de Ninhos-Armadilha por Espécies de Vespas e Abelhas Solitárias (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) em um ). De fevereiro a novembro de 2004, coletou-se o total de 137 ninhos fundados por 11 espécies de abelhas e vespas. A maioria (75%) foi fundada por vespas. As armadilhas apresentaram picos de ocupação nos meses de março (25%) e setembro (26%). O mês em que ocorreu menor ocupação foi junho (2%). Excetuando-se Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse Saussure, não foram observadas correlações significativas entre o número de ninhos ocupados e as médias mensais de temperatura e pluviosidade. O total de 48% dos ninhos apresentou mortalidade de imaturos e 13% deles foram parasitados. As taxas de mortalidade e parasitismo foram diferentes para abelhas e vespas, i.e., ninhos de vespas apresentaram maior mortalidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Nidificação, mortalidade, parasitismo, Trypoxylon lactitarse, Auplopus militarisABSTRACT -Temporal variation of solitary wasps and bees, nesting frequency, mortality, and parasitism were recorded from a remanent forest in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Wasps and bees were collected in trap-nests placed in areas with 25, 100, and 400 m 2 , from February to November 2004. The 137 trap-nests collected contained 11 species of wasps and bees. Wasps occupied most nests (75%). Occupation peaks occurred in March (25%) and September (26%); in June, the lowest occupation (2%) was observed. Except for Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse Saussure, no significant correlation was found between number of occupied nests, and temperature and rainfall means. In the nests, 48% of the immature specimens died; 13% of the nests were parasitized. Total death and parasitism rates of wasps and bees differed significantly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trap-nest occupation by solitary wasps and bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) in a forest urban remanent

Loyola¹,

Martins²

2006

Neotrop. Entomol.

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“…For example, among mimetic neotropical ithomiine butterflies, host plants are correlated with topography and forest structure [44 -46], in addition to butterfly flight height and warning colour pattern [47,48]. Adelpha are also apparently involved in mimicry, within the clade as well as with several genera (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid diversification and not clade age explains high diversity in neotropical Adelpha butterflies

et al. 2010

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Latitudinal gradients in species richness are among the most well-known biogeographic patterns in nature, and yet there remains much debate and little consensus over the ecological and evolutionary causes of these gradients. Here, we evaluated whether two prominent alternative hypotheses (namely differences in diversification rate or clade age) could account for the latitudinal diversity gradient in one of the most speciose neotropical butterfly genera (Adelpha) and its close relatives. We generated a multilocus phylogeny of a diverse group of butterflies in the containing tribe Limenitidini, which has both temperate and tropical representatives. Our results suggest there is no relationship between clade age and species richness that could account for the diversity gradient, but that instead it could be explained by a significantly higher diversification rate within the predominantly tropical genus Adelpha. An apparent early larval host-plant shift to Rubiaceae and other plant families suggests that the availability of new potential host plants probably contributed to an increase in diversification of Adelpha in the lowland Neotropics. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that the equatorial peak in species richness observed within Adelpha is the result of increased diversification rate in the last 10 -15 Myr rather than a function of clade age, perhaps reflecting adaptive divergence in response to the dramatic host-plant diversity found within neotropical ecosystems.

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“…1992;TIDO -SKLORZ & SENE 1992;HARADA & BANDEIRA 1994;GARRISO & WILLIG 1996;PFEIFFER 1996;BECCALONI 1997;BROWN el aI. 1997;DEVRlES el aI.…”

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“…J 992;ROUBIK el aI. 1995;OLIVEIRA & CAMPOS 1996;BECCALONI 1997;MALCOM 1997;GUMBERT & KUNZE 1999). De acordo com o táxon, o padrão de estratificação pode ou não variar, significativamente, de acordo com a estação do ano (REES 1983;PFEIFFER 1996).…”

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Efeitos da fragmentação florestal sobre vespas e abelhas solitárias na Amazônia Central. II. estratificação vertical

Morato

2001

Rev. Bras. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. Effcets offorcst fragmcntatioo 00 solitary wasps aod bccs in Ccntral Amazonia. 11. VCI-tical stratifieation. The ef'fects oI' forest fragmentation on the pallerns ofvertical abundance and richness of'solilary wasp and bee communilies was investigated near Manaus, Amazonas. Wasps and bees were trap-nested at 1,5, 8and 15 mabove lhe ground in continuous primary forest and isolated forest fragments. Jn general, lhe numbel' oI' nests and species increased with height for both groups. In particular, bee species richness aI 15 mwas almosl lwice lhat at 1,5 m. However, one species ofTtypoxy/on Latreille, 1796 (Sphecidae) consistently nested in the understorey. Thus, patterns of abundance and richness distributions indicated stratification. A conlingency analysis showed lhat fi'agmentation altered stratification oI' nesting aclivily 01' lhe wasp cOl1ll1lunity in fragments. I-1owever, a similar pattern was nol found tor the bees. These results are discussed with particular reference to prey and floral resources availabilily and microciimalic conditions.

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Vertical stratification of ithomiine butterfly (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) mimicry complexes: the relationship between adult flight height and larval host–plant height

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Trap-nest occupation by solitary wasps and bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) in a forest urban remanent

Trap-nest occupation by solitary wasps and bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) in a forest urban remanent

Rapid diversification and not clade age explains high diversity in neotropical Adelpha butterflies

Efeitos da fragmentação florestal sobre vespas e abelhas solitárias na Amazônia Central. II. estratificação vertical

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