Vertical linkages and multinational enterprises in developing countries

Lim, Linda; Fong, Pang Eng

doi:10.1016/0305-750x(82)90058-4

Cited by 75 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus Zohir and Paul-Majumder (1996) argued, parents (of garment workers) sometimes become so dependent on the daughter's income that they resist any effort by the latter to get married'. The ®ndings of Salaff (1981) and Wong (1983) cited in Lim (1985) for Hong Kong and Singapore were similar. These studies also report that workers themselves were reluctant to give up the relative freedom and personal income afforded by garment work.…”

Section: The Timing Of Marriagesupporting

confidence: 57%

The efffects of migration and work on marriage of female garment workers in Bangladesh

Naved

Newby

Amin

2001

International Journal of Population Geography

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This paper examines the effects of migration and entry into garment work on marriage for young women in Bangladesh. The data comes from a study of female garment workers and their non-working peers conducted in 1996±97 in Bangladesh. In a country where women traditionally do not work in formal employment, and enter arranged marriages soon after puberty, the rapidly expanding garment industry offers scope for social change. The industry employs mainly young women migrating from rural areas. Previous research in Bangladesh and other countries suggests that female migrants maintain ®nancial ties with their families in rural areas for reasons of economic and emotional security. This paper shows that many workers contribute ®nancially to their natal families in order to maintain social networks and maximise security in marriage. Concerns regarding security lead workers to express traditional aspirations for marriage. However, weak social networks and changes in living arrangements and household structure associated with migration often dictate that migrants adopt non-traditional and less secure marriage arrangements.

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Section: The Timing Of Marriagesupporting

confidence: 57%

The efffects of migration and work on marriage of female garment workers in Bangladesh

Naved

Newby

Amin

2001

International Journal of Population Geography

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“…44 For these local economic agents, primarily farmers, the linkages with other foreign affiliates represent notable development since either these vertical linkages did not exist before privatization or were not so well developed. 45 Lim and Pang (1982) caution on the developmental impact of linkage creation. They argue that affiliate local sourcing may increase domestic value-added and incomes, but by less than the value and proportion of local input purchases suggest, since locally procured items themselves are most likely to be imported or embody a large import content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign Direct Investment Through Acquisitions and Implications for Technological Upgrading: Case Evidence from Tanzania

Portelli

Narula

2006

Eur J Dev Res

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Using a case-study approach, this study examines the role of privatisation on the industrial landscape of Tanzania. We examine the impact of FDI through acquisitions on technology transfer within the acquired firm as well as the development of linkages to other firms based in the host country. Our results suggest that technological upgrading has occurred following FDI, the intensity of which reflects the type of firm-specific assets of parent MNE, as well as the pre-acquisition state of these industrial activities. Improved backward linkages are also evident with local economic agents, but their type and extent -reflecting Tanzania's comparative advantage in the primary sector -confirm that capabilities both within the acquired firms and also in the industrial base of the host country greatly influence the magnitude and intensity of technological upgrading. 'Narrower' technology gaps between the MNE affiliate and the domestic sector are more likely to result in backward linkages and determine the type of technological content of inputs sourced locally rather than within the MNE.

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“…During the 1970s, it was observed that export-processing zones along the U.S.-Mexico border and in southeast Asia, established by transnational corporations to take advantage of low labor costs in developing countries, were hiring mainly women (Elson and Pearson, 1981;Nash and Fernandez-Kelly, 1983;Lim 1985). By the early 1980s, it was clear that the new industrialization in what was then called the Third World was drawing heavily on women workers.…”

Section: Proletarianization and Professionalization: Industry And Sermentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Globalization: Female Labor and Women's Mobilization

Moghadam

1999

JWSR

100

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T his paper casts a gender perspective on globalization to illuminate the contradictory effects on women workers and on women's activism. The scope of the paper is global The sources of data are UN publications, country-based data and newsletters from women's organizations as well as the author's fieldwork. The paper begins by examining the various dimensions of globalization-economic, politicaL and cultural-with a focus on their contradictory social-gender effects. These include inequalities in the global economy and the continued hegemony of the core, the feminization of labor, the withering away of the developmentalist/welfarist state, the rise of identity politics and other forms of particularism, the spread of concepts of human rights and women's rights, and the proliferation of women's organizations and transnational feminist networks. I argue that, although globalization has had dire economic effects, the process has created a new constituency-working women and organizing women-who may herald a potent anti-systemic movement. World-systems theory, social movement theory, and development studies should take account of female labor and of oppositional transnational feminist networks. DEFINING GLOBALIZATIONGlobalization is a complex economic, political, culturaL and geographic process in which the mobility of capital, organizations, ideas, discourses, and peoples has taken on an increasingly global or transnational form. Much has been written on the subject from various disciplinary perspectives. Economic globalization pertains to deeper integration and more rapid interaction of economies through production, trade, and financial transactions by banks and multinational corporations, with an increased role for the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, as well as the more recent World Trade Organization. Although the capitalist system has always been JOURNAL OF WORLD-SYSTEMS RESEARCH,

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Vertical linkages and multinational enterprises in developing countries

Cited by 75 publications

References 5 publications

The efffects of migration and work on marriage of female garment workers in Bangladesh

The efffects of migration and work on marriage of female garment workers in Bangladesh

Foreign Direct Investment Through Acquisitions and Implications for Technological Upgrading: Case Evidence from Tanzania

Gender and Globalization: Female Labor and Women's Mobilization

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