Vertical Distribution Patterns

Diversity and seasonal changes in the ichthyofauna of rocky tidal pools from Praia Vermelha and São Roque, Santa Catarina

“…Both number of species and number of individuals are commonly higher in pools located nearer to the subtidal (Zander et al, 1999). This is mainly due to the fact that mesotidal pools are poorer in oxygen and sustain higher evaporation rates (Martin and Bridges, 1999).…”

Intertidal and subtidal blennies: assessment of their habitat through individual and nest distribution

“…These categories, however, do not have clear boundaries, and should be considered as extremes of a continuum (Gibson & Yoshiyama 1999). Intertidal fish zonation patterns are predicted to be similar to those observed among sessile individuals (Gibson 1982, Horn & Gibson, 1988, Zander et al 1999, being primarily associated with physical conditions (Newell 1970, Connell 1972. In particular, resident fishes are expected to occupy the lowest sectors of the intertidal zone and thus the habitats that are the least variable in terms of physical conditions.…”

“…In particular, resident fishes are expected to occupy the lowest sectors of the intertidal zone and thus the habitats that are the least variable in terms of physical conditions. Evidence supporting this hypothesis comes from studies on the fish zonation patterns of rocky tidepools (Gibson 1972, Thomson & Lehner 1976, Pulgar et al 2005, whilst information on rocky shores is scanty (Zander et al 1999). In rocky tidepools, sampling can be performed easily and efficiently at low tide with the aid of anaesthetics (Gibson 1999), whereas along rocky shores, where underwater visual census techniques are used (Gibson 1999), the quantitative assessment of fish distribution at low tide is difficult since fish usually hide in small crevices and holes or beneath algae (Martin 1995, Faria & Almada 2006.…”

Use of intertidal areas by shrimps (Decapoda) in a brazilian Amazon estuary

“…Intertidal zones are highly variable environments due to the action of tides and nycthemeral and seasonal variations, where inhabitants are subject to temperature and salinity variations, desiccation and hypoxia conditions (Horn et al 1999). In this environment, tide pools can be formed during low tides, which according to Zander et al (1999) are still waters dammed in depressions and cavities without direct communication with the sea. Survival conditions become critical in this environment due to increased temperature and salinity (Nybbaken 1997).…”