Vertical clingers and gougers: Rapid acquisition of adult limb proportions facilitates feeding behaviours in young Javan slow lorises ( Nycticebus javanicus )

Abstract

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Ontogeny of food grasping in mouse lemurs: behavior, morphology and performance

“…Indeed, they had relatively longer metatarsus and tibia lengths relative to body mass. These results agree with previous studies on limb segment size and bone robusticity in another small strepsirhine, the Javan slow lorises ( Nycticebus javanicus ; Poindexter & Nekaris, ), but also with results for several haplorhines including young baboons ( Papio anubis) , capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus apella , Cebus albifrons ), chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) and rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) (Young & Heard‐Booth, ; Druelle et al ., ; Patel et al ., ). In marsupials (Shapiro et al ., ), morphology was not influenced by relative age but extremities were longer in an arboreal ( Petaurus breviceps ) species than in a terrestrial ( Monodelphis domestica) one.…”

“…Early acquisition of adult locomotor and feeding behaviors associated with fast limb development, as we observed in this study on mouse lemurs, has been also observed in Javan slow lorises ( Nycticebus javanicus ) that utilize the same fine terminal branches. Also in small harvest mice, able to climb on long vertical grasses before the end of the short lactation period of 15 days (Ishiwaka & Mori, ; Poindexter & Nekaris, ) a similar pattern is observed. This fast acquisition of grasping ability emphasizes its crucial importance involved in both locomotion (to hold either on branches or the mother) and foraging.…”

“…Indeed, given the importance of grasping in the everyday life of young primates, selection may lead to strong grasping performance despite an immature neuromusculoskeletal system (Carrier, 1996;Young, 2005;Herrel & Gibb, 2006;Lawler, 2006;Russo & Young, 2011;Druelle, Aerts & Berillon, 2016;Young & Heard-Booth, 2016;Patel et al, 2018). Such ontogenetic studies on grasping are not numerous, but the existing ones have revealed specific features including a greater mechanical advantage, greater bone robusticity and larger bone extremities with relatively longer digits in infants compared to adults in strepsirrhine (Poindexter & Nekaris, 2017) and haplorhine primates (Russo & Young, 2011;Young & Heard-Booth, 2016;Druelle et al, 2017;Patel et al, 2018), suggesting selection on grasping performance. Some studies have also investigated this topic by comparing arboreal versus terrestrial rodents and marsupials (Ishiwaka & Mori, 1999;Shapiro, Young & VandeBerg, 2014).…”

The Toxicological Intersection between Allergen and Toxin: A Structural Comparison of the Cat Dander Allergenic Protein Fel d1 and the Slow Loris Brachial Gland Secretion Protein

“…We obtained brachial gland secretions of Nycticebus javanicus from wild slow lorises studied at the ecological research station in Cipaganti, Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia (S7 • 6'6-7 • 7'0& E 107 • 46'0-107 • 46'5). We collected samples used here from April 2012 to June 2014, during which time we captured the animals for health checks associated with a radio-tracking project [47]. After capture, we manually held the non-anaesthetized animals and gently used a sterile swab to collect the brachial secretion (supplementary video 1).…”

Comparative Ecology and Behaviour of Eastern Potto Perodicticus ibeanus and Central Potto P. Edwardsi in Angola, Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda and Uganda

“…Field research showed that many behaviours were either unique to Asian lorises (slow or slender lorises Loris spp.) or were not displayed (Nekaris, 2001;Rode-Margono et al, 2014;Poindexter & Nekaris, 2017). For example, slender lorises are extreme insectivores whereas slow lorises are obligate exudativores, with respective feeding strategies associated with unique behaviours, postures and digestion.…”