Vertebral epidermal transamidases

Goldsmith, Lowell A.; Baden, Howard P.; Roth, Stanford I.; Colman, Robert W.; Lee, Loretta; Fleming, Barbara

doi:10.1016/0005-2795(74)90070-1

Cited by 44 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Corneocytes are terminally differentiated keratinocytes containing a cornified cell envelope on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. The cell envelope is a 10 -20-nm-thick protein assembly, highly insoluble due to extensive cross-linking of intermolecular disulfide bonds (Matoltsy and Matoltsy, 1970) and N ⑀ -(␥-glutamyl)lysine isopeptide bonds, which is formed by the action of transglutaminase present in the keratinocyte membrane (Abernethy et al, 1977;Rice and Green, 1977;Goldsmith et al, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratum Corneum Protein Dynamics as Evaluated by a Spin-Label Maleimide Derivative: Effect of Urea

Alonso

Santos

Leonor

et al. 2001

Biophysical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The stratum corneum (SC) protein dynamics in the sulfhydryl group regions was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of a covalently attached maleimide derivative spin label. A two-state model for the nitroxide described the coexistence of two spectral components in the EPR spectra. The so-called strongly immobilized component arises from a spin-label fraction with the nitroxide moiety hydrogen-bonded to protein (rigid structure) and the weakly immobilized component is provided by the spin labels with higher mobility (approximately 10 times greater) exposed to the aqueous environment. The relative populations between these two states are in thermodynamic equilibrium. The apparent energetic gain for the nitroxide to form a hydrogen bond with the backbone rather than to be dissolved in the local environment was approximately 10 kcal/mol in the temperature range of 2-30 degrees C and approximately 6 kcal/mol in the range of 30-70 degrees C. Urea treatment caused a drastic increase in the segmental motion of the polypeptide chains that was completely reversible by its removal. Our analyses also indicated that the urea induced unfolding of the SC proteins opening the thiol group cavities. This work can also be useful to improve the spectral analysis of site-directed spin-labeling, especially for a more quantitative description of the nitroxide side chain mobility.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratum Corneum Protein Dynamics as Evaluated by a Spin-Label Maleimide Derivative: Effect of Urea

Alonso

Santos

Leonor

et al. 2001

Biophysical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Early electron microscopic (EM) studies demonstrated the deposition of a dense 'marginal' band on the inside of the plasma membrane in the uppermost cell layers of amphibian, avian, reptilian and mammalian epidermis as well as in adult mouse esophagus, rat tongue, human cervical and human oral epithelia [14,25,361. This process is associated with the formation of disulfide bonds [26] and more important, with covalent N -(y-glutamy1)lysine crosslinkage [9,401 catalyzed by transglutaminases TGK/E [12]. Several proteins such as involucrin, loricrin, sciellin, keratolinin, 195 kDa protein, cysteine rich envelope protein and small proline rich proteins (spr 1 , 2 and 3 or cornifins which are most likely identical to the pancornulins) have been implicated as precursor proteins for CEs [2,14,15,20,23,361.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression patterns of loricrin in various species and tissues

et al. 1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The CE is composed of a numerous precursor proteins, such as involucrin (Rice and Green, 1977;Eckert et al, 1993), loricrin (Mehrel et al, 1990;Hohl et al, 1991), keratolinin/cystatin A (Zettergren et al, 1984;Takahashi et al, 1992), small proline rich-protein (SPRR) (Kartasova et al, 1988(Kartasova et al, , 1996, and SKALP/elafin (Wiedow et al, 1990;Nara et al, 1994). All of these precursor proteins are good substrates for calcium-dependent TGase, which catalyzes the formation of ε(γ-glutamyl)lysine isopeptide bond (Goldsmith et al, 1974;Steinert and Idler, 1979). Therefore, it is understandable that absent in the adult cornified cell envelope were found in the granular and horny layers from 24 wk estimated gestational age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Differentiation Markers During Fetal Skin Development in Humans: Immunohistochemical Studies on the Precursor Proteins Forming the Cornified Cell Envelope

Lee

Kook

et al. 1999

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cornified cell envelope is formed during the terminal differentiation of epidermis through cross-linking of specific proteins by transglutaminases. The specific arrangement of individual protein in the cornified cell envelope and participation of individual protein in the cornified cell envelope at different regions of skin, i.e., palm, foreskin, lips, etc. are not clearly understood. In order to understand the pattern and expression schedule of each individual precursor protein during the differentiation and formation of cornified cell envelope, the expression of precursor proteins in developing human fetal skins from the first to the third trimester were examined by immunohistochemical studies. Involucrin was found in the periderm and intermediate layer from 14 wk estimated gestational age, while loricrin and small proline-rich protein 1 were found in the periderm from 16 wk estimated gestational age. Filaggrin and trichohyalin that are absent in the adult cornified cell envelope were found in the granular and horny layers from 24 wk estimated gestational age. The precursor proteins except trichohyalin did not change their patterns after the onset of initial expression during development. Trichohyalin was transiently expressed in the granular and horny layers of the epidermis from 24 wk estimated gestational age with peak expression at 27 wk estimated gestational age, but was not detected in adult skin. In hair follicles, trichohyalin expression was stable without change from 20 wk estimated gestational age. These findings suggest that fetal skin may have different sets of barriers from the second trimester; the immature cornified cell envelope is formed in the early second trimester and the mature cornified cell envelope is formed in the late second or early third trimester when filaggrin and trichohyalin appear.

show abstract

Vertebral epidermal transamidases

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Stratum Corneum Protein Dynamics as Evaluated by a Spin-Label Maleimide Derivative: Effect of Urea

Stratum Corneum Protein Dynamics as Evaluated by a Spin-Label Maleimide Derivative: Effect of Urea

Expression patterns of loricrin in various species and tissues

Expression of Differentiation Markers During Fetal Skin Development in Humans: Immunohistochemical Studies on the Precursor Proteins Forming the Cornified Cell Envelope

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About