Vertebrae fusion in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Development, aggravation and pathways of containment

Witten, P. Eckhard; Obach, Alex; Huysseune, Ann; Bæverfjord, Grete

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.005

Cited by 142 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Twenty different spinal deformity subtypes have been described in Atlantic salmon (Witten et al 2009). In this species, vertebral compressions and fusions are reported most frequently and are suspected to be the result of altered vertebral bone development (Witten et al 2005, 2006, Fjelldal et al 2007). In contrast, vertical or horizontal curvature of the spine (lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis: LKS) is rare in farmed Atlantic salmon (Boglione et al 2013b).…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand

Munday¹,

Perrott²,

Symonds³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand

Munday¹,

Perrott²,

Symonds³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Nevertheless, skeletal deformities could also be in duced at later stages during the nursery phase (Boglione et al 2013a). Regardless of when skeletal deformities are diagnosed, at juvenile or later stages of development (on-growing phase), it is difficult to gather informa tion about their onset and aetiology since this is considered a multifactorial problem (Witten et al 2005, 2006, Boglione et al 2013a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and histopathological organization of the opercular bone and vertebrae in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata

Ortiz-Delgado¹,

Fernández²,

Sarasquete³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Biol.

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During the last decades, the finfish larviculture industry has considerably improved its rearing methods under intensive conditions, but larval quality remains one of the main problems for the proper sustainable success of this productive sector (Kou moundouros 2010, Boglione et al. 2013a). The quality of farmed fish is directly related to the quality of the fry, and depends on both organoleptic and morphological characteristics that should be as similar as possible to that of wild fish, which is considered to be the ABSTRACT: This study provides a comprehensive description of the tissue organization of nondeformed and deformed opercula and vertebrae from gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata juveniles by means of histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical approaches. Two types of opercular anomalies are described: the folding of the opercle and subopercle into the gill chamber, starting at the upper corner of the branchial cleft and extending down to its lower third; and the partial lack of the operculum (opercle, subopercle, interopercle and preopercle underdeveloped) with a regression of the loose edge extending down to its lower third. Histological observations revealed a rare type of bone remodelling process in the opercular structure, which consisted of the coalescence of contacting bone tissues (presumably from the preopercle and opercle), resulting in skeletal tissue with a trabecular aspect filled by a single-cell epithelium of cubic osteoblastic-like cells. Differences in collagen fiber thickness and its 3-dimensional arrangement between normal and deformed opercula were also found. Lordotic vertebrae were characterized by the formation of fibrous cartilage in the haemal and/or neural sides, indicating that a metaplastic shift occurred during the process of lordosis. Another major histomorphological change found in lordotic vertebrae was the complete loss of notochordal sheath integrity. Histological alterations were coupled with an imbalance of cell death and cell proliferation processes in lordotic vertebrae as well as that of bone formation/resorption, and extracellular matrix deposition activity differences which might have resulted from the remodelling process occurring in lordotic vertebrae. Altogether, these results provide an increase in our basic knowledge of bone disorders that contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms by which these skeletal anomalies appear in this fish species and which hamper its production efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Jaw malformations in fish are thought to have multiple aetiologies, including nutritional deficiencies, mechanical damage from feeding strikes at the tank (Teraoka et al 2006). Although vertebral deformities were rarely detected in the current study, these deformities are known to be difficult to determine via external visual inspection in recently metamorphosed juveniles, and may not be present as obvious deformities until fish are older (Witten et al 2006).From a larviculture perspective, the present study indicates that stocking density is an important covariate in modifying the population growth trajectories up to 30 DPH; however, it is not the ultimate determinant of population mortality or size distribution characteristics. When the current findings are viewed in a wider ecological context, they suggest that there may be an inherent population size-structuring mechanism for this species based on mortality that operates at a more fundamental level than the better understood prey size availability and predation mechanisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

Mortality structures population size characteristics of juvenile yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi reared at different densities

Moran¹,

Smith²,

Lee³

et al. 2011

Aquat. Biol.

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A study was undertaken to measure the effects of conspecific density on the growth, mortality and deformity rate of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi Valenciennes during the first feeding period. Newly hatched larvae were stocked in replicate tanks at initial densities of 40, 60 and 100 ind. l -1 until 30 d post-hatch (DPH). Live prey was administered at frequent intervals in an effort to maintain absolute prey density for all treatments. There was a negative relationship between conspecific density and mean individual length during the first half of the trial, which was attributed to food depletion between supplementary feedings at higher conspecific densities. The effect size (partial eta-squared) of conspecific density decreased considerably during the trial, to the point where the initial stocking density had no discernible effect on cohort growth or mortality rate. The apparent morphological deformity rate ranged from 17 to 32%, but did not differ between treatments. Jaw malformations were the most commonly observed deformity (12 to 30%). The weights of juveniles at the end of the trial were log-normally distributed, with some disproportionately large individuals skewing the weight distributions. There was substantial variation in mortality between and within treatments (74 to 97%), and the conspecific densities of each replicate at 30 DPH did not reflect the relative ordering of the initial treatments. Median individual weight was highly correlated with mortality and weight variance, and the positive skewness of populations decreased as mortality increased. Both trends indicated a strong population size-structuring mechanism. Given the controlled experimental conditions the size-structuring mechanism was not predation or cannibalism. Differential feeding success and an unidentified size-specific mortality agent are hypothesized to be the mechanisms by which mortality was able to strongly influence population size distributions. KEY WORDS: Cohort size distribution · Deformity rate · Growth variation · Juvenile mortalityResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Aquat Biol 11: 229-238, 2011 tail kingfish (Ebisu & Tachihara 1993, Chen et al. 2006, Moran 2007. Conspecific density is an important factor in moderating growth and survival, because it affects the intensity of competition for food and shelter and also the degree of aggression and cannibalism (Smith & Reay 1991, Hecht et al. 1996, Kotani et al. 2009). This is true both in the wild (Folkvord et al. 1994, Sakakura & Tsukamoto 1996, Smith & Fuiman 2003 and under the high-density conditions associated with aquaculture (Hecht & Pienaar 1993). The current study evaluated the effects of conspecific density on the mortality, growth and size distribution of yellowtail kingfish during the first feeding period.As is common for many marine fish species, considerable size heterogeneity develops during the first feeding phase in juvenile yellowtail kingfish, even in cohorts where the genetic parentage, age and la...

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Vertebrae fusion in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Development, aggravation and pathways of containment

Cited by 142 publications

References 36 publications

Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand

Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand

Normal and histopathological organization of the opercular bone and vertebrae in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata

Mortality structures population size characteristics of juvenile yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi reared at different densities

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