The human dura cannot only be used to replace the urinary bladder wall, but also to replace the capsula fibrosa of the kidney for transposition of aberrant vessels in hydronephrosis, for interposition in vesicovaginal fistula, for suspension of the urethra in stress incontinence and to replace the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum penis after resection of plaque in Peyronie’s disease.