Versatile Construction of Biomimetic Nanosensors for Electrochemical Monitoring of Intracellular Glutathione

Abstract

The current strategies for nanoelectrode functionalization usually involve sophisticated modification procedures, uncontrollable and unstable modifier assembly, as well as a limited variety of modifiers. To address this issue, we propose a versatile strategy for large-scale synthesis of biomimetic molecular catalysts (BMCs) modified nanowires (NWs) to construct functionalized electrochemical nanosensors. This design protocol employs an easy, controllable and stable assembly of diverse BMCs-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composites on conductive NWs. The intrinsic catalytic activity of BMCs combined with outstanding electron transfer ability of conductive polymer enables the nanosensors to sensitively and selectively detect various biomolecules. Further application of sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine functionalized nanosensors achieves real-time electrochemical monitoring of intracellular glutathione levels and its redox homeostasis in single living cells for the first time.

In Situ Electrochemical Formation of Oxo-Functionalized Graphene on Glassy Carbon Electrode with Chemical Fouling Recovery and Antibiofouling Properties for Electrochemical Sensing of Reduced Glutathione

“…Unlike CYS, which is abundant in serum, GSH is mainly present in cells. Therefore, it will be significant to achieve the intracellular or in vivo analysis of GSH with excellent antifouling properties for a better understanding of the relationship between GSH and disease, and it will also be helpful for the early diagnosis of diseases [26]. Direct electro-oxidation based on carbon materials is a promising method due to low cost and easy fabrication, modification, functionalization, and miniaturization.…”