Verrucous carcinoma.Clinical and pathologic study of 105 cases involving oral cavity, larynx and genitalia

Kraus, Frederick T.; Perez‐Mesa, Carlos

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(196601)19:1<26::aid-cncr2820190103>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 447 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Another study involving 30 cases of laryngeal VC also showed that surgery is the optimal therapy but that radiation and even chemotherapy can be used as alternatives for inoperable cases [20]. Although the older literature raised the issue of radiotherapy-related anaplastic or malignant transformation in VC [3,9,[21][22][23][24][25], this has clearly been refuted. Radiotherapy is now an accepted treatment modality for inoperable VC or for patients who are poor surgical candidates [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verrucous Carcinoma with Dysplasia or Minimal Invasion: A Variant of Verrucous Carcinoma with Extremely Favorable Prognosis

Patel

Chernock

Sinha

et al. 2014

Head and Neck Pathol

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Verrucous carcinomas (VC) recur locally but do not metastasize in the absence of an invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) component. Although excluded from the definition of pure VC, some tumors harbor only dysplasia or minimal invasion, findings of unknown clinical significance. Surgically resected VC cases from two institutions were collected and categorized into three types: VC, VC with dysplasia or minimal invasion (VCDMI), defined as SCC less than or equal to 2 mm in depth, and SCC arising in VC (SCC-VC) where the SCC was greater than 2 mm in depth. Cases were also matched with conventional SCC based on location and T and N-stages, and clinical follow up was obtained. Of the 58 total cases, 18 were VC, 26 VCDMI, and 14 SCC-VC. Only 1 of 18 (5.6 %) VC and 5 of 26 (19.2 %) VCDMI cases recurred locally (p = 0.37) versus 7 of 14 (50 %) SCC-VC (p = 0.01). All VC and VCDMI cases were node negative at presentation whereas SCC-VC had nodal metastases in 2 of 14 (14.3 %) cases. No patients with VC or VCDMI died from disease, whereas 5 of 14 (35.7 %) patients with SCC-VC died from disease. T-stage matched conventional SCC cases from institutional databases had worse outcomes than VC and VCDMI, but not after they were matched for both T and N-stages. Our findings suggest that dysplasia and/or minimal invasive SCC do not adversely affect outcomes in tumors otherwise showing diagnostic features of VC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A minority of VCs have a component of conventional invasive SCC. Although most common in the oral cavity, VC also occurs at other head and neck sites such as the larynx [3], oropharynx, nasopharynx [4], and paranasal sinuses [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verrucous Carcinoma with Dysplasia or Minimal Invasion: A Variant of Verrucous Carcinoma with Extremely Favorable Prognosis

Patel

Chernock

Sinha

et al. 2014

Head and Neck Pathol

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“…Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma that presents in the head and neck with the most common sites being the oral cavity and larynx [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. It is so uncommon, in fact, that verrucous carcinoma composes only 5% of tumors at these sites [2,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Bone Verrucous Carcinoma: Outcomes and Treatment Controversy

Miller¹,

Martin

Juillard³

et al. 2010

The Laryngoscope

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Verrucous carcinoma is a rare tumor that presents in the head and neck with the most common sites being the oral cavity and larynx. Fourteen cases of verrucous carcinoma of the temporal bone have been described in literature; this study aims to examine treatment outcomes and discuss the controversy surrounding postoperative radiation. The study design included a literature review along with individual case report in the setting of a tertiary care medical center. Outcome analysis of all cases of verrucous carcinoma of the temporal bone, which are documented in the English literature, and presentation of a single patient report including gross, histologic and radiologic analyses were performed. The longest recorded survival for verrucous carcinoma of the temporal bone occurs in patients treated with surgery alone. Poorer outcomes for patients treated with adjuvant (chemo)radiation may be due to more advanced stage of disease at the time of treatment. Early reports of radiation leading to tumor dedifferentiation or early recurrence are not supported by more recent studies. Whether adjuvant radiation therapy is indicated in verrucous carcinoma of the temporal bone remains controversial.

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“…1 Since then it also has been described at other sites, including the anus, female genitalia and penis. [2][3][4] Grossly, verrucous carcinomas are exophytic white-grey papillomatous neoplasms. Microscopically, hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis and acanthosis are present; koilocytosis is absent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 The treatment of choice for penile verrucous carcinoma is similar to verrucous cases from other sites and involves wide surgical excision, less commonly, radiation or chemotherapy. 4,18 Untreated or inadequately excised verrucous carcinoma can progress locally but distant metastasis are exceptional. 5,16 The rarity of the disease makes it difficult to study, and mostly case reports or studies on small series are available.…”

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confidence: 99%

HPV infection and immunochemical detection of cell-cycle markers in verrucous carcinoma of the penis

et al. 2009

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Penile verrucous carcinoma is a rare disease and little is known of its aetiology or pathogenesis. In this study we examined cell-cycle proteins expression and correlation with human papillomavirus infection in a series of 15 pure penile verrucous carcinomas from a single centre. Of 148 penile tumours, 15 (10%) were diagnosed as pure verrucous carcinomas. The expression of the cell-cycle-associated proteins p53, p21, RB, p16 INK4A and Ki67 were examined by immunohistochemistry. Human papillomavirus infection was determined by polymerase chain reaction to identify a wide range of virus types. The expression of p16 INK4A and Ki67 was significantly lower in verrucous carcinoma than in usual type squamous cell carcinoma, whereas the expression of p53, p21 and RB was not significantly different. p53 showed basal expression in contrast to usual type squamous cell carcinoma. Human papillomavirus infection was present in only 3 out of 13 verrucous carcinomas. Unique lowrisk, high-risk and mixed viral infections were observed in each of the three cases. In conclusion, lower levels of p16 INK4A and Ki67 expressions differentiate penile verrucous carcinoma from usual type squamous cell carcinoma. The low Ki67 index reflects the slow-growing nature of verrucous tumours. The low level of p16 INK4A expression and human papillomavirus detection suggests that penile verrucous carcinoma pathogenesis is unrelated to human papillomavirus infection and the oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes classically altered by virus infection.

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Verrucous carcinoma.Clinical and pathologic study of 105 cases involving oral cavity, larynx and genitalia

Cited by 447 publications

References 10 publications

Verrucous Carcinoma with Dysplasia or Minimal Invasion: A Variant of Verrucous Carcinoma with Extremely Favorable Prognosis

Verrucous Carcinoma with Dysplasia or Minimal Invasion: A Variant of Verrucous Carcinoma with Extremely Favorable Prognosis

Temporal Bone Verrucous Carcinoma: Outcomes and Treatment Controversy

HPV infection and immunochemical detection of cell-cycle markers in verrucous carcinoma of the penis

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