Verification of NOx emission inventories over North Korea

Kim, Na Kyung; Kim, Yong Pyo; Morino, Yu; Kurokawa, J.; Ohara, Toshimasa

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.034

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As mentioned, the presence of VOCs can decrease the lifetime of NO x under conditions where NO x is sufficiently high to dominate the peroxy radical reaction path. To test for the presence of VOCs in the plumes (in the absence of measurements), Leighton ratios, ϕ (Leighton, 1961), were calculated at locations of maximum NO 2 VCD associated with Sarnia plumes. Leighton ratios were calculated following Eq.…”

Section: No X Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of NOx and SO2 emissions from Sarnia, Ontario, using a mobile MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) and a NOx analyzer

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Sarnia, Ontario, experiences pollutant emissions disproportionate to its relatively small size. The small size of the city limits traditional top-down emission estimate techniques (e.g., satellite) but a low-cost solution for emission monitoring is the mobile MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy). Measurements were made using this technique from 21 March 2017 to 23 March 2017 along various driving routes to retrieve vertical column densities (VCDs) of NO2 and SO2 and to estimate emissions of NOx and SO2 from the Sarnia region. A novel aspect of the current study was the installation of a NOx analyzer in the vehicle to allow real time measurement and characterization of near-surface NOx∕NO2 ratios across the urban plumes, allowing improved accuracy of NOx emission estimates. Confidence in the use of near-surface-measured NOx∕NO2 ratios for estimation of NOx emissions was increased by relatively well-mixed boundary layer conditions. These conditions were indicated by similar temporal trends in NO2 VCDs and mixing ratios when measurements were sufficiently distant from the sources. Leighton ratios within transported plumes indicated peroxy radicals were likely disturbing the NO–NO2–O3 photostationary state through VOC (volatile organic compound) oxidation. The average lower-limit emission estimate of NOx from Sarnia was 1.60±0.34 t h−1 using local 10 m elevation wind-speed measurements. Our estimates were larger than the downscaled annual 2017 NPRI-reported (National Pollution Release Inventory) industrial emissions of 0.9 t NOx h−1. Our lower-limit estimate of SO2 emissions from Sarnia was 1.81±0.83 t SO2 h−1, equal within uncertainty to the 2017 NPRI downscaled value of 1.85 t SO2 h−1. Satellite-derived NO2 VCDs over Sarnia from the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) were lower than mobile MAX-DOAS VCDs, likely due to the large pixel size relative to the city's size. The results of this study support the utility of the mobile MAX-DOAS method for estimating NOx and SO2 emissions in relatively small, highly industrialized regions, especially when supplemented with mobile NOx measurements.

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Section: No X Lifetimementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of NOx and SO2 emissions from Sarnia, Ontario, using a mobile MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) and a NOx analyzer

et al. 2019

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“…Table 2 lists the regional total of NO x prior and posterior emissions over the six regions of interest. In particular, North Korea, compared to other regions, shows a significant underestimation of prior emissions (51.22%–75.90%), which can be explained by activity in the agricultural sector and a shortage of fuel, as a characteristic of developing countries, and the uncertainty of the emission inventory because of the closed nature of the region (Kim et al., 2014). We note that the impact of NO x transport could partially contribute to the potential misalignment of emission adjustments resulting from the limited treatment of the transport by the inverse modeling method used in this study (Lee et al., 2014; Qu et al., 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Springtime‐Transported Air Pollutants on Local Air Quality With Satellite‐Constrained NO_x Emission Adjustments Over East Asia

et al. 2022

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The Yellow Sea is a path of long-range transport of air pollutants because of its geographical location between sources of anthropogenic and natural air pollutants and downwind regions (Lee et al., 2014;Pouyaei et al., 2020;Zheng et al., 2021). Thus, the oceanic environment of the Yellow Sea, with an abundant supply of moisture, induces loss of air pollutants by wet deposition. Also, the Yellow Sea provides a medium for the halogen chemistry in the marine boundary layer and secondary aerosol formation by aqueous-phase chemistry, which causes the rapid production of sulfate and secondary organic aerosols over

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“…The distribution of total emissions to gridded cells is a key protocol for the development of high-resolution emission inventory. Logical and appropriate spatial allocation methods will facilitate the reduction of uncertainties in the establishment of temporal and gridded emissions, resulting in improved model properties [27][28][29]. To improve the spatial resolution, 1 km × 1 km grids were implemented.…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-Up Emission Inventory and Its Spatio-Temporal Distribution from Paved Road Dust Based on Field Investigation: A Case Study of Harbin, Northeast China

Wang

Sun

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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Road dust is one of the primary sources of particulate matter which has implications for air quality, climate and health. With the aim of characterizing the emissions, in this study, a bottom-up approach of county level emission inventory from paved road dust based on field investigation was developed. An inventory of high-resolution paved road dust (PRD) emissions by monthly and spatial allocation at 1 km × 1 km resolution in Harbin in 2016 was compiled using accessible county level, seasonal data and local parameters based on field investigation to increase temporal-spatial resolution. The results demonstrated the total PRD emissions of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 in Harbin were 270207 t, 54597 t, 14059 t, respectively. The temporal variation trends of pollutant emissions from PRD was consistent with the characteristics of precipitation, with lower emissions in winter and summer, and higher emissions in spring and autumn. The spatial allocation of emissions has a strong association with Harbin’s road network, mainly concentrating in the central urban area compared to the surrounding counties. Through scenario analysis, positive control measures were essential and effective for PRD pollution. The inventory developed in this study reflected the level of fugitive dust on paved road in Harbin, and it could reduce particulate matter pollution with the development of mitigation strategies and could comply with air quality modelling requirements, especially in the frigid region of northeastern China.

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Verification of NOx emission inventories over North Korea

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Estimation of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from Sarnia, Ontario, using a mobile MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) and a NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> analyzer

Estimation of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from Sarnia, Ontario, using a mobile MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) and a NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> analyzer

The Impact of Springtime‐Transported Air Pollutants on Local Air Quality With Satellite‐Constrained NO_x Emission Adjustments Over East Asia

Bottom-Up Emission Inventory and Its Spatio-Temporal Distribution from Paved Road Dust Based on Field Investigation: A Case Study of Harbin, Northeast China

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Verification of NOx emission inventories over North Korea

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Estimation of NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from Sarnia, Ontario, using a mobile MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) and a NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; analyzer

Estimation of NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from Sarnia, Ontario, using a mobile MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) and a NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; analyzer

The Impact of Springtime‐Transported Air Pollutants on Local Air Quality With Satellite‐Constrained NOx Emission Adjustments Over East Asia

Bottom-Up Emission Inventory and Its Spatio-Temporal Distribution from Paved Road Dust Based on Field Investigation: A Case Study of Harbin, Northeast China

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Product

Resources

About

Estimation of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from Sarnia, Ontario, using a mobile MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) and a NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> analyzer

Estimation of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from Sarnia, Ontario, using a mobile MAX-DOAS (Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) and a NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> analyzer

The Impact of Springtime‐Transported Air Pollutants on Local Air Quality With Satellite‐Constrained NO_x Emission Adjustments Over East Asia