“…The introduction of the general minimum wage in 2016 and the more recent specific wage upgrading regulations for the long-term care sector are expected to improve wages in formal long-term care, which, however, assessed against the OECD-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-low-wage threshold in 2019, are still very low (Ludwig and Evans 2020, 16). The wage agreement for public care providers reached in December 2020, amounting to a 10 percent increase and granting equal wages for qualified staff in hospitals and nursing homes, points to a clear upward trend (Greß and Stegmüller 2019)-in line with the agreement reached by providers, health and long-term care funds and unions in the Konzertierte Aktion Pflege (Concerted Action for Nursing), jointly initiated and supervised by the Federal Ministry of Health, the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, and the Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth.…”