Vergleichend histologische Untersuchungen an Normalsensiblen und gegen DDT-Substanz Resistenten stämmen von Musca domestica L.

Wiesmann, R.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(57)90016-1

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To avoid crystal formation, Oppenoorth and Dresden (1958) suggested the use of other solvents; however, additives could affect the toxicity of insecticides relative to the methods of application, properties of additives, and their interactions with toxicants and insects. Wiesmann (1957) demonstrated a reduction in susceptibility to DDT in flies following the injection of olive oil.…”

Section: Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Resistance to Insecticides and Dynamics of Insect Toxicology

Sun¹,

Sun

1994

Insect Science

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various areas of effort and add details of the authors' recent original researches. It is these reports of previously unpublished work that make this compilation of special value. The volume should be of interest and use to medical entomolo-gists, sanitarians, and sanitary engineers concerned with the operational aspects of insect control; to public health administrators responsible for the prevention of arthropod-borne diseases; and to the scientists involved in the laboratory study of insecticides. JUSTIN M. ANDREWS Perinatal Medicine, is in the direct line of tradition of the academy's publication on maternal mortality in 1933 which did so much to destroy the professional and public complacency toward maternal deaths existing at that time. The present report should be of the utmost interest to health workers, in both clinical and public health practice, who wish to bring about a further reduction in perinatal deaths and provide the best care for other infants in the light of present-day knowledge. The detailed description of the method, forms, and questionnaires used, along with the critical comments about the study itself and suggestions emanating from the experience gained, should be of value to individuals planning similar studies. A detailed analysis was made in each case of the clinical and pathological records , supplemented in many instances by interviews with physicians, nurses, and other persons. In those instances in which the results of the analysis were not clear-cut, the cases were referred for review by panels, each of which consisted of an obstetrician, a pediatrician, and a pathologist. All cases were classified according to preventability, taking into consideration such factors as adequacy of prenatal care, medical judgment , medical technics, fault of family, qualifications of medical attendant, and pediatric care. The study concluded that 35 per cent of all the deaths were preventable. Errors in medical judgment were considered to be present in 31 per cent, unsatisfactory pediatric care in 27 per cent, and errors in medical technic 24 per cent, although these were not necessarily considered as directly related to pre-ventability of death in a given case. Preceding the actual statistical analysis is a series of dramatic cases illustrating the various responsibility factors, which makes the subsequent statistical material more alive and meaningful.

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Section: Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Resistance to Insecticides and Dynamics of Insect Toxicology

Sun¹,

Sun

1994

Insect Science

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“…Injections of lipase made the resistant strains more susceptible, and feeding or injecting fat made the normal strains more resistant; the latter result had also been ob served by Mer & Furmanska (138). Later, Wiesmann (210) reported that the tarsal epicuticle of resistant flies contained more lipoid than normal, and found conspicuous vacuoles in their hypodermal cells. Reiff (182) confirmed that the lipoid content of tarsi and of ganglia was higher in DDT-resistant flies, and even greater in strains made resistant to BHC, dieldrin, or Diazi non.…”

Section: Ddt-resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Resistance Against Insecticides

Brown¹

1960

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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“…The lipoids of resistant houseflies were less viscous, contained less precipitations of solid waxes and seemed to be of a less saturated character than those of normal flies. These differences in quantity and quality (followed up also in the tarsi and the thoraxic ganglia of strains resistant to different insecticides) were envisaged to allow storage of D D T in the lipoids of resistant houseflies and thus prevent its toxic action (WIESMANN 1955(WIESMANN , 1957WIESMANN & REIFF 1956;REIFF 1955, 1956--last detailed reviews in WIESMANN 1958REIFF & BEYE 1960). These interesting studies have brought about, that Wiesmann, the discoverer of DDT-resistance in the housefly in 1947, is considered today as the main exponent (cf.…”

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confidence: 99%

LIPOID CONTENT AND RESISTANCE IN THE HOUSEFLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA L

Ascher

Neri

1961

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The lipoid content of several resistant and normal strains of houseflies was determined. A Swiss extremely DDT‐resistant strain had a much higher fat content than a normal Swiss reference strain and several Italian strains. Among the Italian strains, a chlordane‐resistant strain had a significantly higher fat content than a diazinon‐resistaat and a normal strain. This difference was no longer significant however, when the normal Swiss strain was included in the calculations. Iodine numbers, specific gravity and physical consistence showed no consistent difference between the fats of resistant and normal strains, except that the syphoned‐off oils from fats of resistant flies seemed to be less viscous than those of normal flies of the same provenience. In a further series of experiments, the lipids were extracted from wheat bran, to which were added instead fats extracted from normal and from DDT‐resistant housefly pupae; normal larvae were reared in a medium containing the fat from resistant pupae and vice versa. Neither this procedure nor that of offering cholesterol as sole larval lipid source, had any influence on resistance level in the adult state. Zusammenfassung LIPOIDCEHAL? UND RESISTENZ DER HAUSFLIEGE, MUSCA DOMESTICA L. Es wurde der Lipoidgehalt der Puppen resistenter und sensibler Hausfliegenstämme bestimmt. Ein hoch DDT‐resistenter Schweizer Stamm hatte einen bedeutend höheren Fettgehalt als ein normaler Schweizer und verschiedene italienische Stämme. Unter den italienischen Stämmen, hatte ein Chlordan‐resistenter Stamm einen signifikant höheren Fettgehalt als ein Diazinon‐resistenter und ein normaler Stamm. Wenn jedoch bei der statistischen Auswertung dieser Resultate die Zahlen für den Schweizer normalen Vergleichstamm mit in Betracht gezogen wurden, waren die Unterschiede für den Chlordanstamm nicht mehr signifikant. Die Feststellung Wiesmanns, dass resistente Hausfliegen einen höheren Fettgehalt aufweisen, konnte also in unseren Versuchen nur in einem von drei resistenten Stammen bestätigt werden. Es ist daher anzunehmen, dass die Tatsache vorhandenen höheren Fettgehaltes nicht für alle resistenten Stämme zutrifft. Die Wiesmann'sche Lipoidtheorie der Insektizidresistenz, die übrigens auch von ihm selbst nur als Teilmechamsmus des Resistenzgeschehens aufgefasst wird, ist vielleicht für gewisse Stämme anwendbar, so z.B. für den Schweizer Stamm Kr, für den unsere Resultate mit den Ergebnissen Wiesmanns übereinstimmen. Die Theorie ist jedoch sicher nicht für jeglichen resistenten Hausfliegenstamm gültig. Wenn chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften der Fette, z.B. Jodzahl, Dichte und Konsistenz verglichen wurden, konnten keine klaren Unterschiede zwischen dem Fett resistenter und normaler Stämme gefunden werden. Vielleicht könnte man nur von einem Unterschied in der Viskosität der abgeheberten flüssigen Ölphase resistenter und normaler Fliegen gleicher Provenienz sprechen. Extrahierung der im Larvenfutter vorhandenen Fette und ihr Ersatz durch Fliegenpuppenfette, oder Verabreichung von Cholesterin al...

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Vergleichend histologische Untersuchungen an Normalsensiblen und gegen DDT-Substanz Resistenten stämmen von Musca domestica L.

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Insect Resistance to Insecticides and Dynamics of Insect Toxicology

Insect Resistance to Insecticides and Dynamics of Insect Toxicology

Mechanisms of Resistance Against Insecticides

LIPOID CONTENT AND RESISTANCE IN THE HOUSEFLY, MUSCA DOMESTICA L

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