Verbal Memory Function in Intellectually Well-Functioning Adults With ADHD: Relations to Working Memory and Response Inhibition

Lundervold, Astri J.; Halleland, Helene Barone; Brevik, Erlend Joramo; Haavik, Jan; Sørensen, Lin

doi:10.1177/1087054715580842

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Results from previous studies would suggest that those premorbid conditions would be associated with lower recall scores. 19 Given our results, more definitive conclusions about better performance by bilinguals whose first language is not English are needed. Furthermore, the clinical significance of these findings remains to be determined in larger cohorts, in both injured and non-injured athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Performance of college athletes on the 10-item word list of SCAT5

Norheim

Kissinger-Knox

Cheatham

et al. 2018

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectivesThe Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT5) was published in 2017; however, normative performance within the college athlete population on the optional 10-item word list has not been described. This study reports normative values for immediate memory trials, total immediate memory score and delayed recall of the 10-item word list.MethodsThe SCAT5 was administered as part of the preparticipation medical testing to 514 collegiate student-athletes, aged 17–23 (M=19.65, SD=1.40; 64% male) prior to the 2017–2018 athletic season.ResultsOn the SCAT5’s optional 10-item word list, with a total possible immediate memory score of 30, participants recalled an average of 20.57 (SD=3.22) words over three learning trials, with an average for trial 3 of 8.13 (SD=1.32). The average delayed memory score was 6.59 (SD=1.85). Small but significant demographic comparisons were found. Women scored higher on both immediate and delayed recall, non-native speakers scored higher on delayed recall, and Black/African-American athletes scored lower than White athletes on immediate, and lower than White and Hispanic/Latino athletes on delayed recall.ConclusionThe 10-item word list on the SCAT5 eliminates the ceiling effect observed on the five-item word list of the SCAT3, therefore, increasing its clinical utility in the diagnosis of sports-related concussions. Significant demographic differences suggest use of category-specific norms for sex, native language and race/ethnicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Performance of college athletes on the 10-item word list of SCAT5

Norheim

Kissinger-Knox

Cheatham

et al. 2018

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…Nevertheless, the “classic” memory functions such as immediate and delayed recall also showed large effects, so the overall level of memory impairment would have been large even if prospective memory was not included. Although substantial memory deficits in adults with ADHD have been found in previous research (Fuermaier et al 2017; Johnson et al 2001; Lundervold et al 2019; Rhodes et al 2012; Schoechlin and Engel 2005), clinicians appear not to consider memory impairments particularly relevant in adult ADHD, as reported in a recent consensus report among clinicians and researchers working with adults with ADHD (Fuermaier et al 2019). Interestingly, Lundervold et al (2019) explored whether verbal memory deficits in adults with ADHD can be explained by impairments in working memory and response inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Basic processes as foundations of cognitive impairment in adult ADHD

et al. 2019

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood is associated with impairment of multiple aspects of cognition which adversely affect the individual’s everyday functioning. However, little is known about how these impairments are intertwined. This study explores whether impairments in basic processes (processing speed and distractibility) in adults with ADHD explain impairments in higher order functions, namely executive functions, memory, and complex attention. Furthermore, it is explored whether pharmacological treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) affects basic processes and higher order functions. A between-subjects design compared patients with ADHD without stimulant drug treatment (N = 55) and patients with ADHD treated with MPH (N = 31) with a healthy control group (N = 80). A neuropsychological test battery assessing basic processes and higher order functions was administered. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the contribution of basic processes to impairments in higher order functions. Patients with ADHD not treated with MPH showed impairments in basic processes and higher order functions compared to controls. The impairments in basic processes explained 41–43% of impairments in executive functions, 27–29% in memory, and 56–74% in complex attention. In patients with ADHD treated with MPH, basic processes were not impaired and did not contribute significantly to impairments of higher order functions. Basic processes may constitute part of the foundation of cognitive impairments in adult ADHD. MPH may improve cognitive performance, presumably through improving basic processes. Applying this information could optimize neuropsychological assessments and inform treatment strategies by targeting basic processes.

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“…Ideally, the impact of comorbid conditions and medication should be assessed separately, and in more detail, however, we performed exploratory analyses between these subsamples in the dependent measures and did not find any significant differences between the subsamples. Furthermore, the ADHD patients recruited in this study were relatively well-functioning, making it difficult to transfer the results to other more impaired clinical samples ( Lundervold et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-Related-Potential (ERP) Correlates of Performance Monitoring in Adults With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

et al. 2018

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Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders in children and tends to persist into adulthood. Evidence from neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies indicates that alterations of error processing are core symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. To test whether adults with ADHD show persisting deficits and compensatory processes, we investigated performance monitoring during stimulus-evaluation and response-selection, with a focus on errors, as well as within-group correlations with symptom scores.Methods: Fifty-five participants (27 ADHD and 28 controls) aged 19–55 years performed a modified flanker task during EEG recording with 64 electrodes, and the ADHD and control groups were compared on measures of behavioral task performance, event-related potentials of performance monitoring (N2, P3), and error processing (ERN, Pe). Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was used to assess ADHD symptom load.Results: Adults with ADHD showed higher error rates in incompatible trials, and these error rates correlated positively with the ASRS scores. Also, we observed lower P3 amplitudes in incompatible trials, which were inversely correlated with symptom load in the ADHD group. Adults with ADHD also displayed reduced error-related ERN and Pe amplitudes. There were no significant differences in reaction time (RT) and RT variability between the two groups.Conclusion: Our findings show deviations of electrophysiological measures, suggesting reduced effortful engagement of attentional and error-monitoring processes in adults with ADHD. Associations between ADHD symptom scores, event-related potential amplitudes, and poorer task performance in the ADHD group further support this notion.

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Verbal Memory Function in Intellectually Well-Functioning Adults With ADHD: Relations to Working Memory and Response Inhibition

Abstract: Verbal memory performance only partially overlaps with EF in intellectually well-functioning adults with ADHD. Both EF and verbal memory function should be assessed as part of a neuropsychological evaluation of adults with ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX(X) XX-XX).

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Performance of college athletes on the 10-item word list of SCAT5

Performance of college athletes on the 10-item word list of SCAT5

Basic processes as foundations of cognitive impairment in adult ADHD

Event-Related-Potential (ERP) Correlates of Performance Monitoring in Adults With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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