Ventriculitis: a rare case of primary cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patient and literature review

Cota, Gláucia; Assad, Elisa Caroline Pereira; Christo, Paulo Pereira; Giannetti, Alexandre Varella; Filho, Jose Augusto Malheiros dos Santos; Xavier, Marcelo Antônio Pascoal

doi:10.1590/s1413-86702008000100022

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Most symptoms of toxoplasmosis are mild such as flu-like symptoms, lymphadenopathy and myalgia1). However, in rare cases, mainly in immunocompromised patient such as those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome4), severe neurological or ophthalmological complications are presented3,9). Since our patient was immunocompetent (negative for HIV antigen), it may be that toxoplasma which had been dormant in the past was manifested with severe symptoms once the patient's general condition deteriorated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Combined with Disseminated Tuberculosis

Hwang¹,

Ahn²,

Lee

et al. 2012

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

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A 24-year-old man presented with mental change, fever, abdominal pain, tenderness and palpable mass on the lower abdomen. He was a non-Korean engineer and did not accompany a legal guardian, so medical history taking was difficult due to his mental status. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple rim-enhanced lesions of the brain, and abdominal computed tomography showed huge paraspinal abscess. Chest X-ray and computed tomography showed poorly defined nodular opacities. We initially thought that this patient was infected with toxoplasmosis with typical cerebral image finding and immunoglobulin laboratory finding of cerebrospinal fluid and serum study. The abdominal abscess was confirmed as tuberculosis through the pathologic finding of caseous necrosis. We used anti-tuberculosis medication and anti-toxoplasmosis medication for almost 4 months, and then his clinical state and radiological findings were considerably improved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Combined with Disseminated Tuberculosis

Hwang¹,

Ahn²,

Lee

et al. 2012

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

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“…There are atypical/unusual clinical manifestations reported in AIDS-associated CT patients. Ventriculitis and obstructive hydrocephalus, characteristics of congenital toxoplasmosis, are rarely seen in adult AIDS-associated CT. Ventriculitis has so far been reported in nine adult AIDS patients (Cota et al, 2008), accompanied by hydrocephalus, occurred as the primary manifestations of toxoplasmosis or as complications of a preexisting, recognized cerebral toxoplasmosis. In addition, hydrocephalus without mass lesions was the only abnormal finding from a computed tomography (CAT) scan in an adult AIDS patient (Nolla-Salas et al, 1987).…”

Section: Cerebral Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS Patients - A Living Legacy

Nissapatorn¹

2011

Microbes, Viruses and Parasites in AIDS Process

101

124

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“…In selected patients even expensive investigations should be undertaken before considering specific therapy and cost-effective home-care90. This procedure should be performed early to achieve a prompt and accurate diagnosis and to guide the therapeutic scheme for AIDS patients with focal brain lesions91.…”

Section: Diseases Due To Tissue Parasites In Hiv/aids Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic infections in HIV infected individuals: Diagnostic & therapeutic challenges

Nissapatorn¹,

Sawangjaroen²

2011

Indian J Med Res

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After 30 years of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, parasites have been one of the most common opportunistic infections (OIs) and one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-infected patients. Due to severe immunosuppression, enteric parasitic pathogens in general are emerging and are OIs capable of causing diarrhoeal disease associated with HIV. Of these, Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli are the two most common intestinal protozoan parasites and pose a public health problem in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. These are the only two enteric protozoan parasites that remain in the case definition of AIDS till today. Leismaniasis, strongyloidiasis and toxoplasmosis are the three main opportunistic causes of systemic involvements reported in HIV-infected patients. Of these, toxoplasmosis is the most important parasitic infection associated with the central nervous system. Due to its complexity in nature, toxoplasmosis is the only parasitic disease capable of not only causing focal but also disseminated forms and it has been included in AIDS-defining illnesses (ADI) ever since. With the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), cryptosporidiosis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and toxoplasmosis are among parasitic diseases reported in association with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This review addresses various aspects of parasitic infections in term of clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with HIV-infection.

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Ventriculitis: a rare case of primary cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patient and literature review

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Combined with Disseminated Tuberculosis

Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Combined with Disseminated Tuberculosis

Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS Patients - A Living Legacy

Parasitic infections in HIV infected individuals: Diagnostic & therapeutic challenges

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