Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS Patients - A Living Legacy

Nissapatorn, Veeranoot

doi:10.5772/19580

Cited by 101 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 212 publications

(199 reference statements)

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“…Some studies have indicated that NT occurs predominantly among males 5,6 , but without demonstrating statistical signifi cance for such an association 7,8 . The mean age of patients in our study was similar to that of other studies 1,6 .…”

Section: Neurotoxoplasmosis (Nt) Is the Most Frequent Opportunistic Isupporting

confidence: 80%

Features to validate cerebral toxoplasmosis

Correia

Melo

Costa

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Neurotoxoplasmosis (NT) sometimes manifests unusual characteristics. Methods: We analyzed 85 patients with NT and AIDS according to clinical, cerebrospinal fl uid, cranial magnetic resonance, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) characteristics. Results: In 8.5%, focal neurological defi cits were absent and 16.4% had single cerebral lesions. Increased sensitivity of PCR for Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the central nervous system was associated with pleocytosis and presence of >4 encephalic lesions. Conclusions: Patients with NT may present without focal neurological defi cit and NT may occur with presence of a single cerebral lesion. Greater numbers of lesions and greater cellularity in cerebrospinal fl uid improve the sensitivity of PCR to T gondii.

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Section: Neurotoxoplasmosis (Nt) Is the Most Frequent Opportunistic Isupporting

confidence: 80%

Features to validate cerebral toxoplasmosis

Correia

Melo

Costa

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…However, it was higher than the ones found in Norway (17.8%) 12 , Iran (49.75%) 21 , Malaysia (44.7%) 22 and Africa (31.3%) 24 . The variations in the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies found in different studies may be related to the risk of infection by the protozoan, reflecting the dietary habits and the sanitary conditions of the places where these studies were performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Evaluation of seroepidemiological toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the south of Brazil

Xavier

Cademartori

Filho

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Toxoplasmosis is considered one of the opportunistic infections for individuals with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and is also a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of neurotoxoplasmosis, ocular toxoplasmosis and antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-positive patients attending the SAE (Specialized Assistance Service for HIV/AIDS), as well as to associate their serological profile with epidemiological and clinical data. A total of 250 patients participated in the study from December, 2009 to November, 2010. Serological analysis was performed using the indirect immunofluorescent technique; epidemiological data were gathered by a questionnaire, and clinical history was based on the analysis of medical charts. Prevalence of seropositivity was 80%, with history of neurotoxoplasmosis in 4.8% and of ocular toxoplasmosis in 1.6% of the patients. The Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) was not used by 32% of the patients, 18.4% of the patients had CD4+ T- lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/mm³ and 96.8% of them were not aware of the modes of disease transmission. These findings led us to conclude that the study population is at high risk of clinical toxoplasmosis, because of both reactivation of infection in the seropositive patients who do not make a regular use of HAART, and primo-infection in seronegative patients worsened by an unawareness of the modes of infection reported in this study.

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“…19 Prevalence estimates of latent infections by T. gondii in HIV-infected patients showed a wide variation in the risk factors and ethnicity factors including classic factors such as those evaluated in this study, in terms of exposure to soil, animals and meat intake. 8,11,13,14,18,20,22 Findings of non-reactive tests for toxoplasmosis in studies addressing geographic regions where there are no cats, such as the Pacific Islands 25 are registered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the scale of AIDS in Mozambique 6,12,16 and the vulnerability of HIV-infected people with toxoplasmosis, there is a clear need for further studies on this subject. 10,14 This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients infected by HIV/AIDS and the association of demographic and social variables in Maputo, Mozambique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,13 The infection may cause an additional burden of morbidity and mortality in certain populations, 18 as in fetuses of pregnant women with acute infection 13 and people with compromised immunological response. 13,14,23 Meningoencephalitis caused by reactivated toxoplasmosis is one of the most common neurological opportunistic infections in patients with HIV infection/AIDS and is typically observed in advanced stages of the disease. 16 The high burden of opportunistic infections with T. gondii, especially in immunocompromised individuals, mainly verified from 1980s, remains a significant public health problem in some countries, especially those that have failed to gain universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS-infected individuals in Maputo, Mozambique

Domingos¹,

Ito

Coelho

et al. 2013

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE:To analyze the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients infected with HIV/AIDS and the association of demographic and social variables. METHODS:Descriptive cross-sectional study that included the analysis of sociodemographic data and laboratory findings of 200 patients infected with HIV/AIDS treated in a laboratory unit in Maputo, Mozambique, in 2010. Individual data for all participants were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Plasma samples were tested for IgG testing of anti-T. gondii using hemagglutination for the analysis of antibodies. RESULTS:The seroprevalence of IgG anti-T. gondii was 46.0% (95%CI 39.2;52.9), 39.3% (95%CI 29.5;50.0) in men and 50.9% (95%CI 41.9;59.8) in women, with no difference between sex (OR 1.30; 95%CI 0.95;1.77; p = 0.12). Ages ranged from 10 to 60 years, with a higher prevalence of infection in older age groups, but with no significant difference between them. Regularly consuming cattle meat (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.04;2.89, p = 0.05), breeding cats/dogs (OR 6.18; 95%CI 3.60;10.62, p < 0.000) and having regular contact with soil (OR 3.38; 95%CI 2.19;5.21; p < 0.000) were significantly associated with risk of latent infection. CONCLUSIONS:Toxoplasmosis is an infection with high prevalence in Mozambique. Cultural and behavioral aspects increase the risk. Toxoplasmosis can be responsible in our environment by the great burden of morbidity and mortality associated with meningoencephalic injuries in patients with HIV/AIDS.

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Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS Patients - A Living Legacy

Cited by 101 publications

References 212 publications

Features to validate cerebral toxoplasmosis

Features to validate cerebral toxoplasmosis

Evaluation of seroepidemiological toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the south of Brazil

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS-infected individuals in Maputo, Mozambique

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