Ventricular perfusion in cats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus

Eisenberg, Howard M.; McLennan, James E.; Welch, Keasley

doi:10.3171/jns.1974.41.1.0020

Cited by 111 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Hakim et al (1976) also suggested that new channels connecting the ventricles to the subarachnoid space may develop. For example, a dilated central canal of the spinal cord, connecting the ventricles to the spinal subarachnoid space, was described in experimental hydrocephalus induced by injecting kaolin into the subarachnoid space at the base of the brain in dogs (McLaurin et al, 1954) and cats (Becker et al, 1972;Eisenberg et al, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pathogenesis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Theoretical Analysis

Levine

1999

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology

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Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricles, usually caused by impaired absorption of the fluid into the bloodstream. Despite obstructed absorption and continued secretion of CSF into the ventricles at a near normal rate, the ventricular CSF pressure (VCSFP) is often normal. We attempt to understand how hydrocephalus can exist with normal VCSFP by exploring the role of the brain parenchyma in absorbing CSF in hydrocephalus. We test three theories: (1) the ventricular wall is impermeable to CSF; (2) ventricular CSF seeps into the parenchyma, from which it is efficiently absorbed; and (3) ventricular CSF seeps into the parenchyma but is absorbed inefficiently. We model the brain as a thick spherical shell consisting of a porous, elastic, solid matrix, containing interstitial fluid and blood. We modify the equations of poroelasticity, which describe flow of fluid through porous solids, to allow for parenchymal absorption. For each of the three theories we calculate the steady state changes in VCSFP and in parenchymal fluid pressure caused by an incremental defect in CSF absorption. We also calculate the-steady state changes in fluid content, tissue volume, tissue displacement, and stresses caused by a small increment of VCSFP. We conclude that only the second theory-seepage of CSF with efficient parenchymal absorption-accounts for the clinical features of normal pressure hydrocephalus. These features include sustained ventricular dilatation despite normal VCSFP, increased periventricular fluid content, and localized periventricular white matter damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eisenberg et al (1974) found that dye injected into the ventricles of cats with kaolin induced hydrocepha-lus (KIH) appears in the spinal subarachnoid space within a few minutes. The capacity to absorb CSF decreases to zero when the spinal cord is ligated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathogenesis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Theoretical Analysis

Levine

1999

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology

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“…[22] demonstrated, by perfusion between the ventri cular system and the spinal subarachnoid space, that communication had been re-established through the demonstrably dilated CC in kaolin-in duced hydrocephalic cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Central (Spinal) Canal in Congenital Murine Hydrocephalus: Morphological and Physiological Aspects

Kuwamura¹,

McLone

Raimondi³

1978

Pediatr Neurosurg

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Obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways produces changes in the parenchyma of the brain and spinal cord. A murine model of hydrocephalus (hy-3) used to study changes in the central canal of the spinal cord and these changes are correlated with events occurring in the intracranial compartment. The central canal is enlarged and subependymal interstitial edema is produced by cerebrospinal fluid at the same time as the intracranial ventricular system is expanding. Plugging of the obex results in collapse of the central canal. Ferritin tracer studies demonstrate transependymal flow of cerebrospinal fluid throughout the central canal.

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“…The dye was contained within the ventricles and the central canal. No leak was detected over the brain, in the area of the olfactory nerves, or around the spinal cord [3], Ventricular obstruction, therefore, seemed to have been complete.…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies [1,3,4,11,13] clarified certain physiological parameters pertaining to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in hydrocephalus. Those studies were performed on adult animals and the ventricular volumes described were considerably smaller in comparison to those seen in sick infants [4,[14][15][16] unless special techniques were employed [2,6,7], These studies also suggested the possibility of the 'arrest' of the hydrocephalic process in a proportion greater than that seen in humans [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Progressive Hydrocephalus in the Young Animal

Sahar¹

1979

Pediatr Neurosurg

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22 puppies with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus were repeatedly studied for 4 months in respect to their head size, ventricular size, pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. The intraventricular pressure was markedly elevated during the first week and dropped towards the end of the first month of the hydrocephalic process. It then escalated and again returned to normal values after 3–4 months. Formation of CSF increased with age until it reached adult values of 0.049 ml/min at the age of 3 months. Absorption rates were very low initially. The absorptive capacity surpassed formation in the puppies which survived to the fourth month of the process. Ventricular size and rate of head enlargement correlated inversely with thickness of the skull. In the surviving puppies (4 out of 22) the hydrocephalic process seemed to have arrested.

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Ventricular perfusion in cats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus

Cited by 111 publications

References 36 publications

The Pathogenesis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Theoretical Analysis

The Pathogenesis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Theoretical Analysis

The Central (Spinal) Canal in Congenital Murine Hydrocephalus: Morphological and Physiological Aspects

Experimental Progressive Hydrocephalus in the Young Animal

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