Ventilatory adaptation to a step change in PCO2 at the caotid bodies.

Dutton, Robert E.; Hodson, W. Alan; Davies, D. G.; Chernick, Víctor

doi:10.1152/jappl.1967.23.2.195

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The ''off'' transient characteristics were chosen to match human experimental results reported by Swanson et al [21] for STP. The ''on'' transient adaptation was in accord with animal experimental results [4]. Whether such adaptation is present in humans is uncertain at present.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Other modifications included the inclusion of P aCO 2 rate sensitivity for the peripheral chemoreceptors and dynamically variable on and off first order rate constants. The latter modifications made it possible to model unidirectional rate sensitivity or chemoreceptor adaptation [4,10], shortterm potentiation of respiration [7,15,21,24], and inhibitory dynamics during apnea [3]. Total respiratory drive is considered to be provided by the summation of inputs from central (V c ) and peripheral (V p ) chemoreceptors with separate P aCO 2 thresholds a and b, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parameter g rc corresponds to a rate sensitivity gain that can similarly change as g rc ¼ g rcþ for dP aCO 2 =dt[0 ð10Þ Rate sensitivity or adaptation of peripheral chemoreceptors is known to be present in animals and is largely unidirectional or at least asymmetric [4,10]. The existence of a positive rate sensitivity in humans has not been conclusively established.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-linear dynamics of human periodic breathing and implications for sleep apnea therapy

Yamashiro

2007

Med Bio Eng Comput

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A mathematical model of non-obstructive human periodic breathing (Cheyne-Stokes respiration) or central sleep apnea (CSA) is described which focused on explaining recently reported non-linear behavior. Evidence was presented that CHF (chronic heart failure)-CSA and ICSA (idiopathic central sleep apnea) both involved limit cycle oscillations. The validity of applying linear control theory for stabilization must then be re-examined. Critical threshold values and ranges of parameters were predicted which caused a change (bifurcation) from limit cycle periodic breathing to stable breathing. Changes in lung volume were predicted to form a bifurcation during CHF-CSA where stability and instability can involve a lung volume change as small as 0.1 l. CSA therapy based on reducing control loop gain was predicted to be relatively ineffective during stable limit cycle oscillation. The relative ratios of durations of ventilation to apnea (T(v)/T(a)) during periodic breathing were primarily determined by peripheral chemoreceptor dynamics during crescendo, de-crescendo, and apnea phases of CSA.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-linear dynamics of human periodic breathing and implications for sleep apnea therapy

Yamashiro

2007

Med Bio Eng Comput

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“…2 and 7) was always slow. This corresponds to the slow ventilatory changes seen to quick changes in the Pco, of the blood in the vertebral arteries (Dutton et al 1969) rather than the fast responses seen to changes of the Pco, of the blood in the carotids (Dutton, Hodson, Davies & Chernick, 1967;Band, Cameron & Semple, 1970). Moreover, in the hyperoxic condition of the present experiments the peripheral chemoreceptors are probably only weakly active.…”

Section: Medullary Neurone Responsesmentioning

confidence: 45%

The effect of carbon dioxide on the tonic and the rhythmic discharges of expiratory bulbospinal neurones.

Bainton¹,

Kirkwood²

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Extracellular micro-electrodes were used to measure the responses of expiratory bulbospinal neurones to C02 in anaesthetized, paralyzed cats, ventilated with 02. Simultaneous measurements were made of phrenic nerve and intercostal nerve filament discharges.2. Hypocapnia produced tonic activity in some of the expiratory neurones and in expiratory filaments but rendered the phrenic and inspiratory filaments silent.3. A graded excitatory effect of C02 on tonic activity of both the neurones and the filaments was seen which progressed smoothly and continuously to rhythmic activity as C02 was increased and to zero as C02 was decreased.4. Increases in blood pressure produced effects which were opposite to those produced by C02, and which had a faster time course.5. The C02 response curves of those units showing tonic activity were indistinguishable from the C02 response curves of those which did not. 6. A mid line lesion in the medulla interrupted inspiratory activity, converting activity of expiratory bulbospinal neurones from periodic to tonic firing patterns.7. Following such lesions the C02 threshold for rhythmic excitation of medullary neurones was elevated and the slopes of their C02 response curves were reduced.8. These findings fully confirm the hypothesis put forward by Bainton, Kirkwood & Sears (1978b) that bulbospinal respiratory neurones convey both tonic and rhythmic excitation to spinal respiratory motoneurones and that the rhythmic excitation of expiratory muscles derives from a periodic inhibition of expiratory bulbospinal neurones which are subjected to a tonic C02 dependent excitation which is continuously variable over the physiological range.

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“…Another is the possibility that the stimulus intensities were high enough to obscure baroreceptor inhibition, a finding noted by Biscoe & (Black & Torrance, 1967;Bernards & Sistermans, 1969;Band et al 1970). Similarly, Dutton, Hodson, Davies & Chernick (1967) (Eldridge, 1972) Although it has been suggested that some of the effects of a step change in chemical stimulation of the carotid body with CO2 are local and related to an overshoot in neural discharge following sudden stimulation (Black, McCloskey & Torrance, 1966), this and the other studies in which electrical stimulation has been used indicate that the findings are due largely to the handling of CSN impulses in the medullary control system. Since the phrenic response lasts only about as long as the stimulus and an excitatory response occurs even in expiration, it is probable that the CSN impulses have largely a depolarizing effect on the inspiratory neurones regardless of the phase of the respiratory cycle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

The importance of timing on the respiratory effects of intermittent carotid sinus nerve stimulation

Eldridge¹

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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Ventilatory adaptation to a step change in PCO2 at the caotid bodies.

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Non-linear dynamics of human periodic breathing and implications for sleep apnea therapy

Non-linear dynamics of human periodic breathing and implications for sleep apnea therapy

The effect of carbon dioxide on the tonic and the rhythmic discharges of expiratory bulbospinal neurones.

The importance of timing on the respiratory effects of intermittent carotid sinus nerve stimulation

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