Ventilation of lungs in infant and adult rats and its responses to hypoxia

Adolph, E. F.; Hoy, P. A.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1960.15.6.1075

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Twenty-one of 27 species from five mammalian orders included in the study by Frappell et al (1992) showed large ( > 20%) reductions in 1902 and corresponding reductions in TB upon exposure to 10% Oz. These data, together with data for five other species of rodents (Morrison and Rosenmann 1975), guinea pigs (Hill 1959), and rats (Adolph and Hoy 1960;Olson and Dempsey 1978), support the contention of Frappell et al (1992) and others (e.g. Wood 1991), that a drop in TB and Me in response to hypoxia is a general characteristic of many species of small mammals from different mammalian orders.…”

Section: Response To Hypoxiasupporting

confidence: 84%

Ventilatory and metabolic responses of a bat,Phyllostomus discolor, to hypoxia and CO2: implications for the allometry of respiratory control

1996

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The ventilatory and metabolic responses of lesser spear-nosed bats to hypoxia and hypercapnia were measured to determine whether these corresponded to preliminary allometries and a positive relationship between hypoxic ventilatory threshold and P50. Ventilatory responses of lesser spear-nosed bats to 3, 5 and 7% CO2 differed significantly from ventilation on air and each other. The magnitude of their ventilatory response to CO2 is consistent with the prediction of a smaller ventilatory response to hypercapnia in small compared to large mammals [% delta V varies MB0.130; Williams et al. (1994)]. Among 12, 10 and 8% O2 treatments only the ventilatory response to 8% O2 differed significantly from ventilation on air or the other treatments. Metabolic rate was significantly reduced at both 10 and 8% O2. The hypoxic ventilatory response of these bats does not support the prediction of a greater response in small compared to large mammals [% delta V veries MB0.273; Boggs and Tenney (1984)]. Their metabolic response is consistent with the hypoxic hypometabolism typical of small mammals, though not of comparable magnitude. The response, expressed as percent change in convection requirement (V/VO2), is also less than that observed in other small mammals. This relative insensitivity to hypoxia may be associated with this bat's unusually high affinity hemoglobin (P50 = 27.5 torr).

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Section: Response To Hypoxiasupporting

confidence: 84%

Ventilatory and metabolic responses of a bat,Phyllostomus discolor, to hypoxia and CO2: implications for the allometry of respiratory control

1996

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“…Yet, as noted above, some groups of investigators have argued that the rhythmic activity of this preparation is similar to the eupnoeic pattern of the in vivo neonatal rat (Smith et al 1990Greer, Smith & Feldman, 1991;Brockhaus et al 1993). However, the rhythmic neural discharges of the in vitro preparation appear to correspond more closely to gasping, as described in adult (Adolf & Hoy, 1960;Stafford & Weatherall, 1960;Adolf, 1969). The pattern of rhythmic activity of the in vitro preparation is unalterable, except to apnoea (Suzue, 1984;Murakoshi et al 1985;Smith et al 1990Smith et al , 1991Brockhaus et al 1993;Okada, Muckenhoff & Scheid, 1993b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…However, this possibility does not appear to be consistent with the observation that, as in adults, the eupnoeic ventilatory rhythm of neonatal and fetal animals, including rats and mice, is altered to gasping upon exposure to anoxia (e.g. Adolf & Hoy, 1960;Stafford & Weatherall, 1960;Adolf, 1969;Lawson & Thach, 1977;Jacobi & Thach, 1989;Jansen & Chernick, 1991). Finally, it is possible that a single 'pre-Botzinger' complex on either side is sufficient to generate a eupnoeic rhythm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…480.3 rats and cats. Moreover, while quantitative comparisons with eupnoea are not presented, a number of investigators have reported that the respiratory pattern of in vivo neonatal rats is altered from eupnoea to gasping in hypoxia or anoxia (Adolf & Hoy, 1960;Stafford & Weatherall, 1960;Adolf, 1969). The pattern of rhythmic activity of the in vitro preparation is unalterable, except to apnoea (Suzue, 1984;Murakoshi et al 1985;Smith et al 1990Smith et al , 1991Brockhaus et al 1993;Okada, Muckenhoff & Scheid, 1993b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medullary loci critical for expression of gasping in adult rats.

Fung

Wang

John

1994

The Journal of Physiology

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1. Our purpose was to define whether a region of medulla could be identified that is critical for the expression of gasping. 2. Decerebrate, vagotomized, paralysed and ventilated adult rats were used. The pattern of phrenic activity was reversibly altered from eupnoea to gasping by exposure to hypoxia or anoxia. 3. Gasping was irreversibly eliminated following unilateral electrolytic lesions of the lateral tegmental field of the medulla. The eupnoeic rhythm continued after these lesions. 4. Injections of kainic acid into the lateral tegmental field also eliminated gasping. Phrenic activity in eupnoea was not altered. 5. Lesions outside the lateral tegmental field caused marked changes in the eupnoeic rhythm, including expiratory apnoea. Upon exposure to hypoxia or anoxia, gasping was still induced. 6. This region for the neurogenesis of gasping in rats is identical to the region that serves a comparable function in cats. Moreover, it overlaps with the ‘pre‐Bötzinger’ complex which has been described for the in vitro brainstem preparation of the neonatal rat. Our results raise doubts that this complex plays a role in the neurogenesis of eupnoea.

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“…The depth of breathing increased while respiratory rate changed little in these experiments. Yet these observations were made at an environmental temperature of 330 C or less (Adolph & Hoy, 1960) and hence may not be applicable to the present observations. The decrease in 02 consumption of new-born rats breathing low-02 mixtures could signify either inadequate uptake of 02 (in which case blood and tissue pO2 would fall and the resulting energy debt might be partially met by anaerobic glycolysis) or a decrease in blood flow to certain regions of the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Oxygen consumption in new‐born rats

Taylor¹

1960

The Journal of Physiology

201

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The rectal temperature of the newborn rat closely approximates to that of its environment. The ability of the rat to maintain a relatively constant body temperature in the cold is fairly well developed by the age of 3 weeks. Adolph (1957) concluded, largely from the work of Antoschkina (1939) and Fairfield (1948), that the newborn rat does not respond to cold with an increase in heat production (as indicated by an increase in 02 consumption) until the age of 3-4 days. If this were true, then the newborn rat would differ from the newborn of most mammalian species in this respect. (1958) which suggest that the newborn rat is to some extent capable of increasing 02 consumption in the cold shortly after birth. As the newborn rat is now so widely used in experimental work it was decided to determine in more detail the influence of age on minimal O2 consumption , on the neutral environmental temperature at which 02 consumption is minimal, and on the maximal increase in 02 consumption that is observed with cooling. Observations were also made on the effect of varying the 02 content of the inspired air on the 02 consumption of young rats at the neutral environmental temperature, and on the effect of breathing 50 % 02 on the metabolic response to cold. A preliminary account of this work has been given (Taylor, 1960). METHODS Wistar rats of either sex were placed in a glass chamber which formed part of a closed system of about 300 ml. volume, through which air was circulated at approximately 1-5 1./min by means of an aquarium aerator. Carbon dioxide was absorbed by soda-lime, and the oxygen consumed in the system was replaced automatically. As 02 was consumed

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Ventilation of lungs in infant and adult rats and its responses to hypoxia

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Ventilatory and metabolic responses of a bat,Phyllostomus discolor, to hypoxia and CO2: implications for the allometry of respiratory control

Ventilatory and metabolic responses of a bat,Phyllostomus discolor, to hypoxia and CO2: implications for the allometry of respiratory control

Medullary loci critical for expression of gasping in adult rats.

Oxygen consumption in new‐born rats

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