Velvetleaf Interference Effects on Yield and Growth of Grain Sorghum

In order to investigate the effect of weed competition on corn, growth trials were conducted in Shushtar, Iran, using a comparative growth analysis. In this study, two sets of treatments were imposed, based on the phenological stages of corn development, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that barnyardgrass and redroot pigweed were the most dominant weeds in these trials. Increasing the duration of weed interference reduced the corn leaf area index gradually. The reduction in the corn leaf area index led to a decline in the crop growth rate as a result of a reduction in the ability of corn to capture light and its photosynthetic ability. The total dry matter and relative growth rate of corn were decreased when the weeds were removed later as a result of a reduction in the leaf area index. According to these results, the leaf area index has a critical role in weed–crop competition.

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“…The TDW and LAI of corn were fitted to Equation (Traore et al . ):

\ln (normaly) = a + b t + c t^{2} ​,

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of weed interference on Zea mays: Growth analysis

Ghanizadeh

Lorzadeh

Aryannia

2014

Weed Biology and Management

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“…Differential sorghum competitiveness against weeds previously was reported to be associated with the plant height and a high leaf area index (Traoré et al . 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grain sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an important crop, with an average cropping area of 42 million ha annually worldwide (Traoré et al. 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an important crop, with an average cropping area of 42 million ha annually worldwide (Traoré et al 2003). Dry-land sorghum has become a critical rotational component in the large cropping region in the subtropical north-east of Australia, where~820 000 ha are sown annually (Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced crop competitiveness has become an integral component of management systems to improve weed control, to reduce herbicide usage, and to combat herbicide resistance (Lemerle et al 2001;Walker et al 2002). Substantial cultivar differences in competitive ability (CA) regarding weed suppression have been documented in a range of cereal crops, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Blackshaw 1994;Lemerle et al 1996), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Didon & Boström 2003;Paynter & Hills 2009), corn (Zea mays L.) (So et al 2009), rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Fischer et al 1997;Ni et al 2000), as well as sorghum (Traoré et al 2003). Lemerle et al (1996) and Walker et al (2002) suggested that the use of herbicides can be reduced if cultivars with a better CA regarding weed suppression are selected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competition of sorghum cultivars and densities with Japanese millet (Echinochloa esculenta)

Osten

Robinson

2010

Weed Biology and Management

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Field studies were conducted at two locations in southern Queensland, Australia during the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 growing seasons to determine the differential competitiveness of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivars and crop densities against weeds and the sorghum yield loss due to weeds.Weed competition was investigated by growing sorghum in the presence or absence of a model grass weed, Japanese millet (Echinochloa esculenta). The correlation analyses showed that the early growth traits (height, shoot biomass, and daily growth rate of the shoot biomass) of sorghum adversely affected the height, biomass, and seed production of millet, as measured at maturity."MR Goldrush" and "Bonus MR" were the most competitive cultivars, resulting in reduced weed biomass, weed density, and weed seed production.The density of sorghum also had a significant effect on the crop's ability to compete with millet.When compared to the density of 4.5 plants per m 2 , sorghum that was planted at 7.5 plants per m 2 suppressed the density, biomass, and seed production of millet by 22%, 27% and 38%, respectively. Millet caused a significant yield loss in comparison with the weed-free plots. The combined weed-suppressive effects of the competitive cultivars, such as MR Goldrush, and high crop densities minimized the yield losses from the weeds. These results indicate that sorghum competition against grass weeds can be improved by choosing competitive cultivars and by using a high crop density of >7.5 plants per m 2 .These non-chemical options should be included in an integrated weed management program for better weed management, particularly where the control options are limited by the evolution of herbicide resistance.

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Changes in the herbicide sensitivity and competitive ability of Abutilon theophrasti over 28 years: Implications for hormesis and weed evolution

Ethridge

Chandra

Locke

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDThe potential of weed species to respond to selection forces affecting the evolution of weedy traits such as competitive ability is poorly understood. This research characterized evolutionary growth changes in a single Abutilon theophrasti Medik. population comparing multiple generations collected from 1988 to 2016. A competition study was performed to understand changes in competitive ability, and a herbicide dose–response study was carried out to assess changes in sensitivity to acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicides and glyphosate over time.RESULTSWhen grown in monoculture, A. theophrasti biomass production per plant increased steadily across year‐lines while leaf number decreased. In replacement experiments, A. theophrasti plants from newer year‐lines were more competitive and produced more biomass and leaf area than the oldest year‐line. No clear differences in sensitivity to imazamox were observed among year‐lines. However, starting in 1995, this A. theophrasti population exhibited a progressive increase in growth in response to a sublethal dose of glyphosate (52 g a.e. ha−1), with the 2009 and 2016 year‐lines having more than 50% higher biomass than the nontreated control.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that weeds can rapidly evolve increased competitive ability. Furthermore, the results indicate the possibility of changes in glyphosate hormesis over time. These results highlight the importance of the role that rapid (i.e., subdecadal) evolution of growth traits might have on the sustainability of weed management strategies. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Velvetleaf Interference Effects on Yield and Growth of Grain Sorghum

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of weed interference on Zea mays: Growth analysis

Effect of weed interference on Zea mays: Growth analysis

Competition of sorghum cultivars and densities with Japanese millet (Echinochloa esculenta)

Changes in the herbicide sensitivity and competitive ability of Abutilon theophrasti over 28 years: Implications for hormesis and weed evolution

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