1964
DOI: 10.1029/jz069i006p01123
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Velocity of shear waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, 1

Abstract: The velocity of shear waves is reported as a function of pressure for several rocks previously used by Birch in his measurements of VP. AC‐cut quartz transducers with resonant frequencies of 1 to 5 Mc/s were used with the usual ultrasonic technique. In fine‐grained, low porosity rocks, very little compressional energy precedes S and there is no ambiguity in arrival time. No systematic difference exists between previous measurements on several of the same rocks made by Birch using resonant torsional vibrations … Show more

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Cited by 296 publications
(108 citation statements)
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“…A three-layer crust seems to be an adequate model for this path. The first layer is approximately 10 km thick and has an average shear velocity of approximately 3.0 km/sec, suggesting a layer at least partly sedimentary (Birch, 1963;and Simmons, 1964). The second layer is 15 to 20 km thick and has am average shear wave velocity 9 f 3.55 km/sec.…”
Section: North and Northwestern Chinamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A three-layer crust seems to be an adequate model for this path. The first layer is approximately 10 km thick and has an average shear velocity of approximately 3.0 km/sec, suggesting a layer at least partly sedimentary (Birch, 1963;and Simmons, 1964). The second layer is 15 to 20 km thick and has am average shear wave velocity 9 f 3.55 km/sec.…”
Section: North and Northwestern Chinamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been used as an important means to study the damage and fracture mechanism of rock materials. Brich [1] found that the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock was linearly positive with the density of the rock; Simmons [2] analyzed the CaO content on the impact of changes in velocity based on this theory and obtained empirical formula; Walsh et al [3], studies have shown that in the compaction process, the ultrasonic wave velocity in the rock increases with the load increasing and decreases with the load increasing in the expansion stage; Willis's [4] studies have shown that when ultrasound wave propagation in fractures, will produce reflection, refraction, scattering and other phenomena, and the form of propagation is accord to the ultrasonic wave length and crack linear size; Freund [5] studied the vertical and transverse velocities of sedimentary clastic rocks with porosity, clay content and confining pressure; Khaksar [6] found that the compressional and shear wave velocities of dry gas-bearing sand layers are approximated by the power function. Pei Zhenglin et al [7], presented the the change rule and the fracture properties of relations among the first wave, the coupling wave and the coda waves, through the comprehensive study of the full wave waveform of the ultrasonic penetration signal of the ideal fracture system in the rock; Chen Gengye et al [8], derived the relationship between damage parameters and attenuation coefficient and use energy method for basalt damage and stress attenuation test experimental study based on the analysis of rock fissure damage sound attenuation; Zhao Mingjie [9] proposed the equivalent model by using the relationship between rock deformation characteristics, void ratio, equivalent elastic parameters and wave velocity and attenuation, and established the theoretical relationship between sound velocity and attenuation and stress during loading and unloading; Shi Jinjin et al [10], use rock specimens for impact damage experiments, and obtained impact damage characteristics and damage degree of the rock and the rate of the change of sound wave velocity; Han Fang et al [11], evaluated the degree of damage to the rock block through the ultrasonic testing to quantitatively; Li Xianglong et al [12], studied the relationship between damage of rock material and wave length and amplitude of stress wave by using the law of stress wave parameters on the damage and failure of rock material; Liang Tiancheng et al [13], measured the acoustic emission and ultrasonic wave velocity of rock during uniaxial compression damage, and compared the changes of acoustic emission and wave velocity with the damage process; Yuan Xiaoping et al [14], established meso-mechanical model of rock microcrack propagation, studied the meso-damage and plasticity of rock, and analyzed the damage and macroscopic plasticity of the model from confining pressure and short micro-crack length.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Експериментально було встановлено [21,23], що швидкість повздовжньої хвилі більша вздовж нашарування, ніж упоперек і суттєво зростає зі збіль-шенням тиску чи водонасичення. Зі зростанням всебіч-ного тику з атмосферного до 20 ÷ 23 МПа, швидкості можуть зростати на 25 ÷ 30% для зразків, вирізаних пер-пендикулярно до нашарування, і на 18 ÷ 30% для зразків, вирізаних паралельно до нашарування, що говорить про значну акустичну анізотропію.…”
unclassified
“…Усебічний тиск та водонасичення сприяють зрос-танню не лише швидкості повздовжньої хвилі, а і амплі-туди та частоти ультразвукового сигналу. Значення, отримані для зростаючого тиску (прямий хід -ПХ), за-звичай відрізняються від отриманих для спадаючого тис-ку (зворотній хід -ЗХ) через присутність незворотних деформацій у зразках порід [16,20,21].…”
unclassified
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