Velocity-Encoded Phase-Contrast MRI for Measuring Mesenteric Blood Flow in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Small-Bowel Crohn Disease

Ata, Nadeen Abu; Dillman, Jonathan R.; Gandhi, Deep; Dudley, Jonathan; Trout, Andrew T.; Imbus, Rebecca; Towbin, Alexander J.; Denson, Lee A.; Tkach, Jean A.

doi:10.2214/ajr.22.27437

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…• Amphibians such as the Xenopus Laevis have a single ventricle, both in terms of morphology and function, whereas children with functionally single ventricle typically have two ventricles albeit in a setting of one ventricle being severely hypoplastic • Our observations with flows measurements performed using echocardiography constitute another initial step towards a complete analysis of the function of the frog's single ventricle [62] • because of logistic reasons the echocardiographic measurements were performed at a room temperature of 22 • C, higher than the 17 • C, normal environmental temperature for frogs • Studies of the systemic and pulmonary flows distribution with the more modern methodologies of ECG-gated MRI, validated in small vessels in experimental as well as clinical studies could provide high quality of innovation and creativity for our translational research [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77] • We always have to be aware of the species-to-species differences…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functioning of the Frog’s Single Ventricle

Corno

2023

J Pediatric Adv Res.

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African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) has double-inlet and single-outlet single ventricle supporting both systemic and pulmonary circulations, with normal lifespan of 25-30 years. The relationship between pulmonary and systemic blood flows was investigated using echocardiography. Twelve female African clawed frogs, age 18-24 months, mean weight 173±19 grams were studied. Heart rate, percutaneous oxygen saturation, echocardiography derived 2D and blood flow in all cardiovascular structures were measured in two temperature setting, 17◦C (normal environment for frogs) and 22 C. In eight frogs cerebral Near-Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) was measured. Mean oxygen saturation was 66±9% with temperature of 22◦C and 85±6% with 17◦C (P<0.001), while there was no statistical difference between mean heart rates, respectively 48 13 and 42±7 beats/min. Doppler echocardiography showed a mean total pulmonary blood flow (QP) =173.0 ml/min and mean total systemic blood flow (QS) = 99.3ml/min, with mean QP/QS of 1.74:1.00. The only statistical correlation between size of the cardiovascular structures and body weight was found for the pulmonary veins, with correlation coefficient = 0.71 (P=0.02). NIRS measurements showed a reverse correlation (coefficient = -0.21) with oxygen saturation. The frog’s heart has peculiar morphologic and functional characteristics allowing normal quality of life for many years despite the presence of single ventricle. Baseline QP/QS under general anesthesia was significant for increased total pulmonary blood flow. Exposure to environmental temperature 5◦C higher than normal caused peripheral vasodilatation, with subsequent decrease of QP/QS and reduced oxygenation.

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Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functioning of the Frog’s Single Ventricle

Corno

2023

J Pediatric Adv Res.

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Quantitative MRI in children with Crohn’s disease – where do we stand?

Debnath,

Dillman

2024

Pediatr Radiol

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Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the ileum and colon. This disease is characterized by recurrent bouts of intestinal inflammation with subsequent bowel wall damage, including scarring (i.e., fibrosis) and abnormal smooth muscle proliferation. MR enterography, an MRI examination tailored to assess the small bowel, is a first-line diagnostic tool for diagnosing CD in children, characterization and monitoring of disease severity and extent, and assessment of disease-related complications. To date, such MRI evaluations have been mostly qualitative, which can adversely impact diagnostic performance and inter-radiologist agreement. Quantitative MRI methods have been shown to aid in the evaluation of a variety of medical conditions and have been increasingly investigated in children and adults with CD. In CD, such objective techniques have been used to assist with diagnosis, assess treatment response, and characterize bowel wall histologic abnormalities. In the current work, we will review quantitative MRI methods for detecting and measuring intestinal active inflammation (MRI-based scoring systems, T1 relaxation mapping, diffusion-weighted imaging, intra-voxel incoherent motion, mesenteric phase contrast), bowel wall damage (magnetization transfer), and motility (quantitative cine imaging) in small bowel CD, with an emphasis on the pediatric population. Graphical Abstract

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