velink - A Blockchain-based Shared Mobility Platform for Private and Commercial Vehicles utilizing ERC-721 Tokens

Abstract

Transportation of people and goods is important and crucial in the context of smart cities. The trend in regard of people's mobility is moving from privately owned vehicles towards shared mobility. This trend is even stronger in urban areas, where space for parking is limited, and the mobility is supported by the public transport system, which lowers the need for private vehicles. Several challenges and barriers of currently available solutions retard a massive growth of this mobility option, such as the trust problem, data monopolism, or intermediary costs.Decentralizing mobility management is a promising approach to solve the current problems of the mobility market, allowing to move towards a more usable internet of mobility and smart transportation. Leveraging blockchain technology allows to cut intermediary costs, by utilizing smart contracts. Important in this ecosystem is the proof of identity of participants in the blockchain network. To proof the possession of the claimed identity, the private key corresponding to the wallet address is utilized, and therefore essential to protect. In this paper, a blockchain-based shared mobility platform is proposed and a proof-of-concept is shown. First, current problems and stateof-the-art systems are analyzed. Then, a decentralized concept is built based on ERC-721 tokens, implemented in a smart contract, and augmented with a Hardware Security Module (HSM) to protect the confidential key material. Finally, the system is evaluated and compared against state-of-the-art solutions.

A review of the key challenges of non-fungible tokens

“…It is up to the developer to decide on the implementation of this standard. This standard does not mandate rules for token metadata or restrict adding supplemental functions (Pirker et al, 2021). Therefore, the development of a smart contract application based on this standard is needed, such applications will record the digital ownership that exists on the blockchain, and a trusted entity can endorse the application for greater credibility.…”

Domínios, aplicações, desafios e oportunidades sobre Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT): Um mapeamento sistemático da literatura

“…Na categoria de desafios da tecnologia de blockchain, os autores de [Pirker et al 2021] discutem sobre os desafios como privacidade e confidencialidade dos dados armazenados em aplicac ¸ões corporativas. Para [Cornelius 2021], a transparência oferecida pela tecnologia não está necessariamente relacionada à responsabilidade das informac ¸ões se não forem devidamente analisadas e processadas.…”

Blockchain Application in Internet of Vehicles: Challenges, Contributions and Current Limitations

“…Contribution 2-Improved Security, Privacy and Trust: As described in Section 4.1, one of the main IoV challenges is related to the privacy and security of the network and the involved parties. The adoption of blockchain in the IoV presents an opportunity to overcome security risks such as interruption, single-point-of-failure and availability issues [72,73]. This is because of the possibility of blockchain synchronization and replication between all involved peer nodes to the network.…”