Vehicle Passengers Detection for Onboard eCall-Compliant Devices

Lupinska-Dubicka, Anna; Tabędzki, Marek; Adamski, Marcin; Rybnik, Mariusz; Szymkowski, Maciej; Omieljanowicz, Miroslaw; Gruszewski, Marek; Klimowicz, Adam; Rubin, Grzegorz; Zienkiewicz, Lukasz

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03314-9_35

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Many modern vehicles are equipped with an onboard eCall system capable of sending information about the number of passengers or fastened seat belts at the time of the crash. Possible methods are discussed in papers [56,57]. eCall system comes with a microphone installed inside the vehicle, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping and occupants have no control over the remote activation of this microphone.…”

Section: Noninvasive Occupancy Estimation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passenger Occupancy Estimation in Vehicles: A Review of Current Methods and Research Challenges

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Passenger detection and occupancy estimation are vital tasks in many fields. The existing literature emphasises that the increasing demand for such systems will continue to grow. This paper reviews the existing literature specializing in the field of transportation safety and efficiency concerning occupancy estimation in vehicles and passenger detection at public transport stations. A comparison between different approaches to passenger estimation is presented. Discussion on the advantages and disadvantages is highlighted. Hence, this paper provides an analysis of 146 papers on the current state of the field. This review paper concludes that invasive methods provide high accuracy with relatively cheap implementation, while noninvasive systems do not violate passenger privacy but lack state-of-the-art accuracy. Future work will include a systematic literature review and a comparative analysis of systems considering the existing window tinting and solar windshields heavily blocking certain parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Moreover, future work will investigate the critical challenges of noninvasive passenger estimation in different types of vehicles: trucks, buses, or even motorcycles.

show abstract

Section: Noninvasive Occupancy Estimation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passenger Occupancy Estimation in Vehicles: A Review of Current Methods and Research Challenges

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other interferences are often connected to the driver’s movements or antenna designs (for wireless data transfer) [ 143 ]. In addition, other signals, such as those caused by the background (generated by other passengers or the vehicle—e.g., engine noise), can lead to major unnecessary interferences [ 144 ]. Table 5 summarizes an occurrence of different types of interference in the measured signals using methods discussed in this paper.…”

Section: Interference and Signal Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The well-known single-channel methods are, for example, filtration based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Multi-channel methods comprise the set of methods called Blind Source Separation (BSS), including Independent Component Analysis (ICA) or Principle Component Analysis (PCA) [ 107 , 144 ].…”

Section: Interference and Signal Pre-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vital Sign Monitoring in Car Seats Based on Electrocardiography, Ballistocardiography and Seismocardiography: A Review

Šidiková

Martínek

Kawala-Sterniuk

et al. 2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper focuses on a thorough summary of vital function measuring methods in vehicles. The focus of this paper is to summarize and compare already existing methods integrated into car seats with the implementation of inter alia capacitive electrocardiogram (cECG), mechanical motion analysis Ballistocardiography (BCG) and Seismocardiography (SCG). In addition, a comprehensive overview of other methods of vital sign monitoring, such as camera-based systems or steering wheel sensors, is also presented in this article. Furthermore, this work contains a very thorough background study on advanced signal processing methods and their potential application for the purpose of vital sign monitoring in cars, which is prone to various disturbances and artifacts occurrence that have to be eliminated.

show abstract

A Novel Extension for e-Safety Initiative Based on Developed Fusion of Biometric Traits

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Safety is one of the central elements of society functioning. The eSafety aims at increasing road safety through the use of intelligent integrated safety systems. This article presents the concept and PCB implementation of an on-board compact eCall device that can be installed at the owners' request in a used vehicle. The prototype includes accident and rollover detection, passenger detection, and GSM communication with the eCall PSAP service center. Two accident detection algorithms are implemented: the first relates to the collision detection based on exceeding the threshold of acceleration using an accelerometer to measure the dynamic force caused by movement and the gravity force, the second-the rollover detection based on exceeding the threshold of the vehicle angle of inclination using data coming from the accelerometer and a gyroscope. The prototype was tested in eight different test scenarios using laboratory accident simulators as well as during driving. The proposed solution of passenger detection is based on images coming from a built-in 360 • view camera. In the authors' approach the obtained images were transformed into linear ones and subject to subsequent operations-initial processing, object detection and redundant detection filtering. The authors utilize biometric methods in object detection such as Viola-Jones and Single Shot MultiBox Detector for face localization, and You Look Only Once for whole body detection. An additional testing mechanism for passenger detection are seat pressure pads that are independent of camera detection. All necessary sensors and communication components verified by practical experiments have been integrated on the custom designed motherboard with the NVIDIA Jetson Nano processing module installed. The tests confirmed the performance is sufficient for rapid accident detection, real-time image analysis and all mandatory eCall communication functions. Results of experiments were promising, providing high accident and passenger detection rates.

show abstract

Vehicle Passengers Detection for Onboard eCall-Compliant Devices

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Passenger Occupancy Estimation in Vehicles: A Review of Current Methods and Research Challenges

Passenger Occupancy Estimation in Vehicles: A Review of Current Methods and Research Challenges

Vital Sign Monitoring in Car Seats Based on Electrocardiography, Ballistocardiography and Seismocardiography: A Review

A Novel Extension for e-Safety Initiative Based on Developed Fusion of Biometric Traits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About