Vehicle Electrification: New Challenges and Opportunities for Smart Grids

Monteiro, Vítor; Afonso, José Augusto Bastos; Ferreira, Joao C Ferreira or Joao; Afonso, João L.

doi:10.3390/en12010118

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…As described above, assessment of infrastructure sufficiency [5][6][7][8][9][10] and certain impacts in isolation, such as GHG emissions, energy impacts and air quality, have been previously reported in the literature [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Our paper builds upon these earlier developed approaches and expands them further.…”

Section: Ev Impactsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Hernández et al [13] stresses the important role of V2G in primary frequency control and dynamic grid support. Besides studying the potential role of EVs in the smart grid, [14] highlights the role that EVs can play as a voltage source in off-grid systems, or as an uninterruptible power supply in cases of grid power failures. In their study of a locational marginal pricing model, [15] concludes that dynamic energy pricing for the charging of electric vehicles can decrease costs considerably both for EV users as well as distribution system operators.…”

Section: Ev and Grid/market Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Impacts of Electric Vehicle Recharging Infrastructure Deployment Efforts in the European Union

Thiel¹,

Julea²,

Iborra³

et al. 2019

Energies

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Electric vehicles (EVs) can play an important role in improving the European Union’s (EU)’s energy supply security, reducing the environmental impact of transport, and increasing EU competitiveness. The EU aims at fostering the synchronised deployment of EVs and necessary recharging infrastructure. There is currently a lack of studies in the literature for analysing the societal impacts of EV and infrastructure deployment at continental scale. In our paper, we analyse the likely impact of related plans of the EU member states (MSs). With the help of qualitative and quantitative analyses, we study the impact of plans on recharging infrastructure deployment, contributions to the EU climate and energy goals, air quality objectives, and reinforcement of the EU’s competitiveness and job creation. We soft-link a fleet impact model with a simplified source receptor relationship model, and propose a new model to calculate job impacts. The results overall show modest impacts by 2020, as most member states’ plans are not very ambitious. According to our analysis of the plans, a reduction of CO2 emissions by 0.4%, NOx emissions by 0.37%, and PM2.5 emissions by 0.44%, as well as a gross job creation of more than 8000 jobs will be achieved by 2020. The member state plans are very divergent. For countries with more ambitious targets up to 2020, such as Austria, France, Germany, and Luxemburg, the climate, energy, and air quality impacts are significant and show what would be achievable if the EU would increase its pace of EV and infrastructure deployment. We conclude that more ambitious efforts by the member states’ to deploy electric vehicles could accelerate the reduction of CO2 emissions and lead to less dependence on fossil oil-based fuels, along with air quality improvements, while at the same time creating new job opportunities in Europe. In regards to the ratio of publicly accessible recharging points (RPs) per EV, we conclude that member states have to come up with more ambitious targets for recharging point deployment, as the current plans will lead to only one recharging point per every 20 EVs by 2020 across the EU. This paper can serve as useful input to the further the planning of EV and recharging infrastructure deployment in the EU and elsewhere. Our study highlights that the different strategies that are followed in the EU member states can be a fertile ground to identify best practices. It remains a challenge to quantify how different support policies impact EV deployment. In terms of further research needs, we identify that more detailed studies are required to determine an appropriate level of infrastructure deployment, including fast chargers.

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Section: Ev Impactsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Ev and Grid/market Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impacts of Electric Vehicle Recharging Infrastructure Deployment Efforts in the European Union

Thiel¹,

Julea²,

Iborra³

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…Also the issues of power quality are very relevant in the context of smart grids, as well as in the context of smart homes [3][4][5]. Surveys about vehicle electrification are presented in [6][7][8], the impact of the EV operation regarding the distribution system is analyzed in [9], future trends of propulsion technologies are offered in [10] and a future outlook of EV penetration is presented in [11]. However, as it has been identified, the EV is not only recognized in the context of a more sustainable mobility, but also in terms of supporting the power grid, offering new opportunities for the energy market and boosting energy management and efficiency, representing crucial factors in smart grids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Off-Board Multi-Functional Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Smart Homes: Analysis and Experimental Validation

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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This paper presents the analysis and experimental validation of a single-phase off-board multi-functional electric vehicle (EV) charging station (MF-EVCS), which has a single ac interface and two dc interfaces. As innovative aspects, the proposed MF-EVCS handles the interface of the ac power grid, the dc interface of a renewable energy source (RES), as well as the dc interface of an EV to perform dc charging or discharging of the batteries (in off-board grid-to-vehicle (G2V) or vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes). Considering the power grid, the individual operation modes of the RES and the EV interfaces can be considered. Moreover, a combination of these modes is also possible. Besides, the MF-EVCS has as key innovative aspect the possibility of operating as an active power filter (APF), supporting the operation with reactive power and/or selected current harmonics. This possibility can be associated with any of the previous mentioned modes. These new features are framed in two distinct scenarios: in a smart home, where the ac-side current can be determined as a function of the other electrical appliances; in a smart grid, where the ac-side current can be determined as a requisite of the power grid. The proposed power theory, as well as the current control strategies for both ac-side and dc-side of the MF-EVCS, are presented in the paper for all the possible operation scenarios. A laboratory prototype was developed to validate the proposed MF-EVCS and the experimental results confirm its suitability for smart homes.

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“…However, EVs are a major technological challenge for power grids, since passive elements constitute a new kind of cargo. Therefore, a large number of electric vehicles can appreciably burden the grid and adversely affect its smooth operation [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Vehicles: Current State of the Art, Future Challenges, and Perspectives

et al. 2019

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The goal of the study presented in this article is to provide a general overview of the various aspects related to electric vehicles (EVs), along with all associated emerging challenges and perspectives. In this context, the basic types of EVs and the corresponding charging technologies are analyzed. Since EVs are expected to be a key component of future smart electrical grids (SEG), connection to the grid issues, along with advanced charging techniques (i.e., wireless power transfer), are analyzed as well. To this end, the main features, the requirements of vehicle to grid (V2G) communications, as well as future developments and scenarios of electrification, are also presented and analyzed. Moreover, integration issues with currently deployed fifth generation (5G) mobile wireless networks are also outlined, in order to ensure optimum transmission and reception quality in V2G communications and improved user experience. This integration is also expanded in autonomous vehicles (AVs) technology (self-driving objects), since optimized information processing from various diverse sources is required in order to ensure advanced traffic management aspects.In this context, two major categories can be classified: a. Battery electric vehicles (BEV), and b. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). BEVs use batteries as a source of energy and they are also called "green vehicles, or clean vehicles, or eco-friendly vehicles" because they have zero emissions. In order to cover a travel distance, they are equipped with larger storage batteries than HEVs. However, the limited traveling distance of BEVs is an important drawback because it is often necessary to recharge the battery by connecting to an external power source (in city cars, autonomy starts from 100 to 120 km and reaches 500 km or more in high power cars-Tesla Model). A HEV is classified as a car that uses two or more different technologies to achieve its movement. These technologies usually include the classic internal combustion engine and a more "mild" environmentally-friendly technology, usually an electric motor. However, the electric motor is used as a supplementary power source in cases where the HEV requires more power.It is apparent from the above that proper energy management is of vital importance for the smooth operation of EVs. A challenging research field includes the design and implementation of efficient charging schemes that ensure fast and reliable EV charging in order to increase vehicle autonomy. In this concept, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) approach aims to optimize the way we transport, use, and produce electricity by turning electric cars into "virtual power plants" [9]. V2G technology refers to a bi-directional flow system operation, in which plug-in battery electric vehicles communicate with a recipient and allow the reciprocal flow between the EV and an electric grid [10,11]. Under this relatively new concept, electric cars would store and dispatch electrical energy stored in networked vehicle batteries which together act as one collective battery fleet ...

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Vehicle Electrification: New Challenges and Opportunities for Smart Grids

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

Assessing the Impacts of Electric Vehicle Recharging Infrastructure Deployment Efforts in the European Union

Assessing the Impacts of Electric Vehicle Recharging Infrastructure Deployment Efforts in the European Union

An Off-Board Multi-Functional Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Smart Homes: Analysis and Experimental Validation

Electrical Vehicles: Current State of the Art, Future Challenges, and Perspectives

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