Vegetative reproduction facilitates early expansion of Phyla canescens in a semi-arid floodplain

Price, Jodi N.; Macdonald, Matthew J.; Gross, C. L.; Whalley, R. D. B.; Simpson, Ian

doi:10.1007/s10530-010-9839-z

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Lippia has a contrasting strategy in that it almost ceases growth when inundated but survives extended inundation (at least 75 days) and propagates vegetatively. Lippia establishes both by seed and vegetatively in the wet soils following drawdown of flood waters (Macdonald 2008;Price et al 2010Price et al , 2011 and then increases in cover in the dry inter-flood periods when the cover of native species falls due to decreased growth rate and grazing pressure (Earl 2003). A reduced frequency and duration of flood events would therefore reduce the length of time when conditions are favorable for water couch and increase the length of time when conditions favor lippia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance governs dominance of an invasive forb in a temporary wetland

et al. 2011

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Dominance of invasive species is often assumed to be due to a superior ability to acquire resources. However, dominance in plant communities can arise through multiple interacting mechanisms, including disturbance. Inter-specific competition can be strongly affected by abiotic conditions, which can determine the outcome of competitive interactions. We evaluated competition and disturbance as mechanisms governing dominance of Phyla canescens (hereafter lippia), an invasive perennial forb from South America, in Paspalum distichum (perennial grass, hereafter water couch) meadows in floodplain wetlands of eastern Australia. Water couch meadows (in the study area) are listed under the Ramsar Convention due to their significance as habitat for migratory waterbirds. In the field, we monitored patterns of vegetation boundaries between the two species in response to flooding. Under controlled glasshouse conditions, we explored competitive interactions between the native water couch and lippia subject to different soil moisture/inundation regimes. We did this using a pairwise factorial glasshouse experiment that manipulated neighbor density (9 treatments) and soil moisture/inundation (4 treatments). In the field trial, inundation increased the cover of water couch. Under more controlled conditions, the invader had a competitive effect on the native species only under dry soil conditions, and was strongly inhibited by inundation. This suggests that dry conditions favor the growth of the invader and wetter (more historical) conditions favor the native grass. In this system, invader dominance is governed by altered disturbance regimes which give the invader a competitive advantage over the native species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance governs dominance of an invasive forb in a temporary wetland

et al. 2011

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“…Greene. Phyla canescens is a highly invasive herb in Australia [18,[47][48][49] whereas P. cuneifolia, P. fructicosa and P. lanceolata are not listed as occurring in Australia (Australia's Virtual Herbarium, accessed 26 February 2017). The taxa outside of Australia with the closest native range to P. nodiflora include the Latin American P. canescens, P. betulifolia (Kunth) Greene and P. fructicosa (= P. nodiflora var.…”

Section: Clade 3: Australasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, it confirms that it is native in many parts of the world where its status had previously been considered exotic (e.g., Australia, [8]; South Africa, [83]). Second, exotic lineages could become invasive in their own right, as P. canescens has already done in Australia [48,49], although there is currently limited evidence of it doing so. Finally, native and exotic lineages could potentially interbreed, threatening the integrity of native lineages.…”

Section: Implications For Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phylogeny and Biogeography of Phyla nodiflora (Verbenaceae) Reveals Native and Invasive Lineages throughout the World

et al. 2017

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Phyla nodiflora is an herbaceous perennial and an enigmatic species. It is indigenous to the Americas but is considered a natural component of the flora in many areas and a weed in others. Our aim was to circumscribe the native range of P. nodiflora, to explore dispersal mechanisms and routes and to test the hypothesis that P. nodiflora is native outside of the Americas. Determining whether distributions are natural or human-induced has implications for decisions regarding weed control or conservation. We undertook phylogenetic analyses using sequence variation in nuclear DNA marker ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) for a global sample of 160 populations of P. nodiflora sourced from Asia, Australia, central America, the Mediterranean, southern North America, South America and Africa. Analyses included maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, a Bayesian estimation of phylogeny and a parsimony network analysis which provided a genealogical reconstruction of ribotypes. We evaluated phylogenies against extensive historical and biogeographical data. Based on the sequences, 64 ribotypes were identified worldwide within P. nodiflora and considerable geographic structure was evident with five clades: one unsupported and the remaining weakly supported (bootstrap support ranging from 52% to 71%). Populations from central and southern North America formed the core area in the indigenous range and we have detected at least three native lineages outside of this range. Within Australia P. nodiflora is represented by at least one native lineage and several post-European introductions. Phyla nodiflora is one of the few species in the family Verbenaceae to have a pan-tropical native distribution, probably resulting from natural dispersal from America to Africa then to Australasia. However, it has also undergone human-mediated dispersal, which has obscured the native-origin of some ribotypes. These introductions present a risk of diluting the pan-tropical structure evident in this species and therefore they have important conservation implications.

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“…; Price et al . ). Large emergent macrophytes, such as Phragmites australis and Typha spp ., can become particularly invasive (Newman, Grace & Koebel ; Ailstock, Norman & Bushmann ; Russell & Kraaij ), with distributions predicted to spread further with climate change (Alahuhta, Heino & Luoto ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Floodplain ecosystems can be particularly prone to invasion (Tockner & Stanford 2002), especially where river flow regulation has resulted in overall drying (Catford et al 2011). Often invaders can rapidly proliferate and spread (Richardson et al 2007;Price et al 2011). Large emergent macrophytes, such as Phragmites australis and Typha spp., can become particularly invasive (Newman, Grace & Koebel 1996;Ailstock, Norman & Bushmann 2001;Russell & Kraaij 2008), with distributions predicted to spread further with climate change (Alahuhta, Heino & Luoto 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental water allocations are insufficient to control an invasive wetland plant: evidence from a highly regulated floodplain wetland

Vivian

Ward

Zwart

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Regulation of the world's rivers and alteration of natural flow regimes have led to the degradation of floodplains and wetlands. Here, we investigate plant-flood interactions in a floodplain wetland to determine whether a return to more natural flooding regimes using environmental water allocations can contribute to restoration from a degraded state. 2. We use detailed field surveys to quantify the effects of flooding on a native rush, Juncus ingens, which has become invasive in floodplain grasslands in south-eastern Australia. We then apply these results to determine the likelihood of generating the flood regime required to control J. ingens in its new range, considering the regulated nature of the river system. 3. Complete submergence for several months substantially reduced J. ingens stem densities, survival and recovery. However, rhizomes were able to survive, with new stems produced during subsequent partial submergence. Under current regulated conditions, the volume of environmental water needed to cause substantial stem decline, and potentially rhizome death, is extremely large -particularly for tall stems -even when used in conjunction with a natural flood peak. 4. Synthesis and applications. Although repeated submergence events may cause stem decline of the invasive plant Juncus ingens, the present day operational constraints of the regulated river make it difficult to deliver the required volume and depth of water using environmental water allocations. Furthermore, shallow floods may actually provide favourable conditions for growth. This research is particularly relevant for other restoration projects where historical disturbance regimes can only be partially mimicked. Whilst a managed flood regime can be successful in achieving a range of conservation and restoration goals, there may be situations in which river regulation can limit the ability to effectively manage particular species using environmental water allocations alone.

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Vegetative reproduction facilitates early expansion of Phyla canescens in a semi-arid floodplain

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Disturbance governs dominance of an invasive forb in a temporary wetland

Disturbance governs dominance of an invasive forb in a temporary wetland

The Phylogeny and Biogeography of Phyla nodiflora (Verbenaceae) Reveals Native and Invasive Lineages throughout the World

Environmental water allocations are insufficient to control an invasive wetland plant: evidence from a highly regulated floodplain wetland

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