Vegetative incompatibility in filamentous fungi: Podospora and Neurospora provide some clues

Saupe, Sven J.; Clavé, Corinne; Bégueret, Joël

doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00148-x

Cited by 70 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This requires two genetic loci that, when combined, result in hybrid incompatibilities (up to the point of inviability). A classic example of this is vegetative heterokaryon incompatibility in filamentous fungi (120,121). A search for such speciation genes in yeasts revealed, e.g., an incompatibility of the S. bayanus AEP2 gene and S. cerevisiae mitochondria (122,123).…”

Section: Yeast Hybrids Population Genomics and Reticulate Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lager Yeast Comes of Age

Wendland

2014

Eukaryot Cell

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Alcoholic fermentations have accompanied human civilizations throughout our history. Lager yeasts have a several-centurylong tradition of providing fresh beer with clean taste. The yeast strains used for lager beer fermentation have long been recognized as hybrids between two Saccharomyces species. We summarize the initial findings on this hybrid nature, the genomics/ transcriptomics of lager yeasts, and established targets of strain improvements. Next-generation sequencing has provided fast access to yeast genomes. Its use in population genomics has uncovered many more hybridization events within Saccharomyces species, so that lager yeast hybrids are no longer the exception from the rule. These findings have led us to propose network evolution within Saccharomyces species. This "web of life" recognizes the ability of closely related species to exchange DNA and thus drain from a combined gene pool rather than be limited to a gene pool restricted by speciation. Within the domesticated lager yeasts, two groups, the Saaz and Frohberg groups, can be distinguished based on fermentation characteristics. Recent evidence suggests that these groups share an evolutionary history. We thus propose to refer to the Saaz group as Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and to the Frohberg group as Saccharomyces pastorianus based on their distinct genomes. New insight into the hybrid nature of lager yeast will provide novel directions for future strain improvement.

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Section: Yeast Hybrids Population Genomics and Reticulate Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lager Yeast Comes of Age

Wendland

2014

Eukaryot Cell

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“…The discovery that het-s encodes a prion protein (11, 12) places this observation into a new perspective. The het-s locus, together with at least eight other loci, determines vegetative incompatibility in P. anserina (13,14). Two alleles are found at this locus, termed het-s During the sexual cycle, a single mating-type culture of P. anserina differentiates both male (microconidia) and female (protoperithecia) reproductive structures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sexual transmission of the [Het-s] prion leads to meiotic drive in Podospora anserina

Dalstra

Swart²,

Debets³

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, two phenomena are associated with polymorphism at the het-s locus, vegetative incompatibility and ascospore abortion. Two het-s alleles occur naturally, het-s and het-S. The het-s encoded protein is a prion propagating as a self-perpetuating amyloid aggregate. M eiotic drive is a process mediated by genetic elements, called segregation distorters, that actively bias Mendelian segregation in their favor. In metazoans, classic examples of meiotic drive include the t haplotype in mice and Segregation Distorter (SD) in Drosophila (1). In both these autosomal drive systems, heterozygous males produce gametes of the driver genotype in excess. The molecular mechanisms of meiotic drive remain largely elusive, except in the case of SD in Drosophila, where distortion involves a truncated form of a RanGAP protein and its mislocalization to the nucleus (2). The best studied examples of segregation distortion in fungi are the spore killer systems in the ascomycetes Neurospora crassa (3-6) and Podospora anserina (7). In these haploid organisms, the sexual progeny, the ascospores, are linearly arranged after meiosis. Ascomycetes therefore provide excellent opportunities to investigate the behavior of meiotic drive elements (8). Presence of a killer gene can readily be detected by directly analyzing the pattern of ascospore abortion. Spore killer genes exist as a killer and a sensitive allele or haplotype. In a killer ϫ sensitive cross, the ascospores harboring only the sensitive genotype degenerate. Heterokaryotic spores, containing both a sensitive and a killer nucleus, escape abortion. Both in Neurospora and in Podospora, several spore killer loci have been genetically identified, but so far the mechanism of spore killing is unknown.In 1965, Bernet (9, 10) described properties of the het-s gene in Podospora, now recognized to be analogous to a spore killer locus. The discovery that het-s encodes a prion protein (11, 12) places this observation into a new perspective. The het-s locus, together with at least eight other loci, determines vegetative incompatibility in P. anserina (13,14). Two alleles are found at this locus, termed het-s During the sexual cycle, a single mating-type culture of P. anserina differentiates both male (microconidia) and female (protoperithecia) reproductive structures. The protoperithecium emits a specialized hypha called the trichogyne. Fertilization occurs when a microconidium fuses with a trichogyne of opposite mating type. After migration of the male nucleus down the trichogyne into the female ascogonium, individualized male and female nuclei divide synchronously in a syncytial structure. Because the male gamete contributes very little cytoplasm to this heterokaryon, the cytoplasm of the zygote is essentially of maternal origin. Nuclei of opposite mating type then pair up, and karyogamy takes place in specialized cells. Importantly, at this stage there is a transition from a syncytial to a cellular state (21). Meiotic progeny are linearly arranged as ...

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“…De même, le prion [URE3] composé de la protéine Ure2p est un régulateur transcriptionnel dont la conformation anormale inhibe la répression catabolique de l'azote [51]. D'autres protéines de champignons existent sous deux conformations différentes comme par exemple HET-s chez Podospora anserina qui induit une mort programmée lorsque deux souches de champignons de génotypes différents fusionnent [53]. Récemment, l'étude de l'isoforme neuronale de la protéine CPEB de l'Aplysie, chez la levure, a permis de mettre en évidence un comportement de type prion [54].…”

Section: Les Phénomènes Prions Comme Un Nouveau Type De Contrôle éPigunclassified

Les prions

Crozet

Lehmann

2007

Med Sci (Paris)

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Vegetative incompatibility in filamentous fungi: Podospora and Neurospora provide some clues

Cited by 70 publications

References 37 publications

Lager Yeast Comes of Age

Lager Yeast Comes of Age

Sexual transmission of the [Het-s] prion leads to meiotic drive in Podospora anserina

Les prions

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