Vegetational Diversity And Arthropod Population Response

Andow, David A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.36.1.561

Cited by 193 publications

(276 citation statements)

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“…In the context of local complexity, natural enemies can be more abundant in polycultures rather than in monocultures, more abundant in crops that are surrounded by highdiversity rather than low-diversity field margins (Andow, 1991;Letourneau et al, 2011), and more abundant and diverse when they are sampled close to rather than far from field margins (e.g. Miliczky & Horton, 2005;Clough et al, 2007).…”

Section: (4) Effects Of Compositional Complexity On Ecosystem Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pollinators and natural enemies: a meta‐analysis of landscape and local effects on abundance and richness in crops

et al. 2013

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To manage agroecosystems for multiple ecosystem services, we need to know whether the management of one service has positive, negative, or no effects on other services. We do not yet have data on the interactions between pollination and pest-control services. However, we do have data on the distributions of pollinators and natural enemies in agroecosystems.Therefore, we compared these two groups of ecosystem service providers, to see if the management of farms and agricultural landscapes might have similar effects on the 2 abundance and richness of both. In a meta-analysis, we compared 46 studies that sampled bees, predatory beetles, parasitic wasps, and spiders in fields, orchards, or vineyards of food crops. These studies used the proximity or proportion of non-crop or natural habitats in the landscapes surrounding these crops (a measure of landscape complexity), or the proximity or diversity of non-crop plants in the margins of these crops (a measure of local complexity), to explain the abundance or richness of these beneficial arthropods. Compositional complexity at both landscape and local scales had positive effects on both pollinators and natural enemies, but different effects on different taxa. Effects on bees and spiders were significantly positive, but effects on parasitoids and predatory beetles (mostly Carabidae and Staphylinidae) were inconclusive. Landscape complexity had significantly stronger effects on bees than it did on predatory beetles and significantly stronger effects in non-woody rather than in woody crops. Effects on richness were significantly stronger than effects on abundance, but possibly only for spiders. This abundance-richness difference might be caused by differences between generalists and specialists, or between arthropods that depend on non-crop habitats (ecotone species and dispersers) and those that do not (cultural species).We call this the 'specialist-generalist' or 'cultural difference' mechanism. If complexity has stronger effects on richness than abundance, it might have stronger effects on the stability than the magnitude of these arthropod-mediated ecosystem services. We conclude that some pollinators and natural enemies seem to have compatible responses to complexity, and it might be possible to manage agroecosystems for the benefit of both. However, too few studies have compared the two, and so we cannot yet conclude that there are no negative interactions between pollinators and natural enemies, and no trade-offs between pollination and pest-control services. Therefore, we suggest a framework for future research to bridge these gaps in our knowledge.

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Section: (4) Effects Of Compositional Complexity On Ecosystem Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pollinators and natural enemies: a meta‐analysis of landscape and local effects on abundance and richness in crops

et al. 2013

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“…Ecosystem characteristics encompass also process rates of energy or nutrient flow. Our definition includes variables such as ''resistance of sessile species volume'' (Smedes and Hurd 1982), or ''herbivore population density'' (Andow 1991) that might as well be regarded as community (density) properties. However, we view these measures as surrogate variables for processes (such as herbivory) at the ecosystem level.…”

Section: Definition Of Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant diversity-herbivore biomass or herbivory.-Evidence stems for the greatest part from the abundances of (individual) herbivorous arthropod species in monocultures and diversified crop systems, either polycultures or systems with weeds. Andow (1991) reviewed 209 studies that considered 287 herbivorous arthropod species (Table 4). Of these species 52% had lower population densities and only 15% had higher densities in diverse systems than in monocultures.…”

Section: Effects Upon Other Trophic Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Effects of Biodiversity: A Classification of Hypotheses and Exploration of Empirical Results

Schläpfer

Schmid

1999

Ecological Applications

121

153

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The increasing evidence for effects of biodiversity on ecosystem properties and processes indicates that effects may vary strongly over the range of studied systems. In order to explore patterns and draw some preliminary conclusions on biodiversity effects in different ecological contexts, we have compiled empirical data from original studies and reviews on effects of biodiversity in natural, agricultural, and forestry systems. We classified hypotheses according to observed ecosystem variables and trophic contexts; trophic contexts were distinguished according to the trophic position of the observed ecosystem variable and the trophic position of the organismic group whose diversity is hypothesized to cause an effect. With four basic ecosystem variables and 14 trophic contexts we obtained 56 permutations or specific hypotheses. Of these, 20 have so far been experimentally tested. We review the results reported from experimental tests of each hypothesis and examine how the reported effects are associated with characteristics of the studied systems.In natural communities, positive effects were most consistently observed for plant diversity affecting plant productivity and stability thereof and, in a broad sense, nutrient retention. Positive diversity effects were most prominent in grassland-type ecosystems, in experimental diversity gradients, with intermediate-to-high species numbers and wide ranges of the diversity gradient, or with randomized species composition. While some of the studies found negligible effects of biodiversity, effects that are beneficial to humans were found in a wide range of ecosystem contexts, even at the limited time scale of ecological experiments. However, our analyses indicate that general statements or predictions about effects of species diversity can only be made with reference to specific variables and trophic contexts. Our classification of hypotheses should help to identify unexamined research questions and to group the variety of hypotheses into classes in which potential diversity effects are mediated by similar mechanisms, thus yielding a more consistent explanatory pattern of experimental results.

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“…In particular, the effects of plant diversity on arthropods species at the third trophic level (predators & parasitoids) have been attributed to habitat features such as increased physical complexity and number of refugees from enemies, as well as due to increased abundance or diversity of resources or prey (Root 1973, Langelloto & Denno 2004, Denno et al 2005. Higher predator abundance and diversity with increasing plant diversity is expected to in turn lead to stronger top-down control over herbivore populations (Andow 1991, Barbosa et al 2009.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, most work testing for effects of plant diversity on arthropod predators and parasitoids has been conducted in agroecosystems (reviewed by Russell 1989, Andow 1991 and is strongly biased toward temperate regions (e.g., Haddad et al 2009, Scherber et al 2010, Crawford & Rudgers 2013. In contrast, much less work has tested for plant diversity effects in arboreal plant communities (Jactel & Brockerhoff 2007), particularly in tropical regions where predator and parasitoid diversity are highest and top-down control of herbivore populations is expected to be strongest (Schemske et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of tree species diversity on a community of weaver spiders in a tropical forest plantation

et al. 2016

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The effects of producer diversity on predators have received little attention in arboreal plant communities, particularly in the tropics. This is particularly true in the case of tree diversity effects on web‐building spiders, one of the most important groups of invertebrate predators in terrestrial plant communities. We evaluated the effects of tree species diversity on the community of weaver spiders associated with big‐leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) in 19, 21 × 21‐m plots (64 plants/plot) of a tropical forest plantation which were either mahogany monocultures (12 plots) or polycultures (seven plots) that included mahogany and three other tree species. We conducted two surveys of weaver spiders on mahogany trees to evaluate the effects of tree diversity on spider abundance, species richness, diversity, and species composition associated with mahogany. Our results indicated that tree species mixtures exhibited significantly greater spider abundance, species richness, and diversity, as well as differences in spider species composition relative to monocultures. These results could be due to species polycultures providing a broader range of microhabitat conditions favoring spider species with different habitat requirements, a greater availability of web‐building sites, or due to increased diversity or abundance of prey. Accordingly, these results emphasize the importance of mixed forest plantations for boosting predator abundance and diversity and potentially enhancing herbivore pest suppression. Future work is necessary to determine the specific mechanisms underlying these patterns as well as the top‐down effects of increased spider abundance and species richness on herbivore abundance and damage.

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Vegetational Diversity And Arthropod Population Response

Cited by 193 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of pollinators and natural enemies: a meta‐analysis of landscape and local effects on abundance and richness in crops

Comparison of pollinators and natural enemies: a meta‐analysis of landscape and local effects on abundance and richness in crops

Ecosystem Effects of Biodiversity: A Classification of Hypotheses and Exploration of Empirical Results

Effects of tree species diversity on a community of weaver spiders in a tropical forest plantation

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