Vegetation Stress: an Introduction to the Stress Concept in Plants

Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K.

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(96)80287-2

Cited by 646 publications

(377 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Stress may be defined as a negative change in the physiology of a plant away from a reference state, due to the action of an external stress factor or internal stress (see [4][5][6] for more discussion). According to physics, stress refers to an external factor such as temperature while strain is the response of the material [7].…”

Section: What Are Drought Stress and Damage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we prefer to define stress factors as external and stresses as physiological responses. Note that physiological responses to daily 'normal' variation in potential stress factors such as light and temperature should not be termed stress, but as a part of the reference state [5]. Drought induced damage is a negative stress that would persist for some time after SWD has ceased.…”

Section: What Are Drought Stress and Damage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drought Adaptation Mechanisms Should Guide Experimental Design

Gilbert¹,

Medina²

2016

Trends in Plant Science

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The mechanism, or hypothesis, of how a plant might be adapted to drought should strongly influence experimental designs. For instance, an experiment testing for water conservation should be distinct from a damage tolerance evaluation. Here we define four new, general mechanisms for plant adaptation to drought, so that experiments can be more easily designed based upon the definitions. A series of experimental methods are suggested along with appropriate physiological measurements related to the drought adaptation mechanisms. The suggestion is made that the experimental manipulation should match the rate, length, and severity of soil water deficit needed to test the hypothesized type of drought adaptation mechanism.

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Section: What Are Drought Stress and Damage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Are Drought Stress and Damage?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Adaptation Mechanisms Should Guide Experimental Design

Gilbert¹,

Medina²

2016

Trends in Plant Science

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“…Acquiring tolerance to one stress often decreases sensitivity for other stress factors. For example, Lichtenthaler (1996) reports that small doses of stress factors (ie deficiency of water) cause plant hardening, thereby lowering the sensitivity to other stress factors such as cold or salinity. Long-lasting effects of low concentrations of disadvantageous factors sometimes lead to growth at tolerance and stable acclimatization or even plant adaptation.…”

Section: Average Chloropyll Content (Spad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Salt Stress on Growth and Frost Resistance of Three Winter Cereals

Matuszak-Slamani¹,

Brzóstowicz²

2015

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. This paper presents results of a study on the influence of 0-150 mmol NaCl dm -3 Hoagland solution on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and frost resistance of seedlings of three winter cereals: wheat -cv. Almari, rye -cv. Amilo, and triticale -cv. Tornado. Sodium chloride at 25 mmol dm -3 caused better growth of wheat shoots and roots, both of fresh and dry matter. Higher concentrations of NaCl in the medium decreased the biomass of the tested seedlings. The influence of NaCl on the chlorophyll content in the seedlings varied. The conductometry method showed that the resistance of the cell walls of wheat and rye to low temperature decreased in the presence of NaCl in the growth medium. Luminescence has shown that seedlings that grew in NaCl-containing medium indicated an impediment of electron flow at a lower temperature than the control plants.

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“…Bitkiler, strese u¤ramadan önce, büyüme ve geliflimleri ›fl›k ve mineral destekli koflullara göre ayarlanm›fl standart koflullarda optimum fizyolojide olurlar (49 -Hücreler ek stres alt›nda kal›rlarsa kronik hasar oluflur ve tükenme faz›na yol açan fonksiyonlar h›zlan›r (fiekil 1).…”

Section: Biyolojik Stres Kavramıunclassified

Secondary Metabolite Synthesis in Plant Tissue Cultures

Güven¹,

Gürsul²

2014

GIDA

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ÖzetBitki doku kültürlerinden elde edilen ikincil metabolitler, insan sa¤l›¤› aç›s›ndan önemlidirler. Bu nedenle, son on y›lda ikincil metabolitlerin sentezlenmesi ve fermentörlerde üretimi üzerindeki çal›flmalar h›z kazanm›flt›r. ‹kincil metabolitler biyoaktif özellikleri olan bileflenlerdir. Özellikle t›p ve eczac›l›k alanlar›nda kullan›l›rlar. G›da endüstrisinde ise katk› maddesi, fonksiyonel g›da bilefleni veya besin takviyesi aç›s›ndan önemlidirler. ‹kincil metabolitlerin bitkiler taraf›ndan üretilmesi meteorolojik koflullara, co¤rafi konuma ve yetifltirme koflullar›na ba¤l›d›r ve pek çok bitki ancak belirli mevsimlerde yetiflip olgunlaflabilir. Bitki yerine bitki hücrelerinin uygun koflullarda biyoreaktörlerde üretilmesi bitkisel unsurlar›n do¤an›n sundu¤u parametrelerden ba¤›ms›z üretimini sa¤lar. Dolay›s›yla, ikincil metabolitlerin tam bitkiden ba¤›ms›z üretimi piyasaya arzda süreklilik sa¤lar, üretim verimini art›r›r ve ikincil metabolitler belirli spesifikasyonlara sahip endüstriyel ürünler niteli¤ine kavuflur. Bitkilerin totipotensi özelli¤i, bir bitki hücresinden organizman›n üretilebilmesine olanak sa¤lar. Bitki doku kültürleri hayvan dokular›yla karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda totipotensi özelli¤inden dolay› hedef al›nan metabolitler daha çok ve daha h›zl› üretilebilirler. Ancak, bitki doku kültürlerinin ikincil metabolit sentezledi¤i mekanizmalar tamamen bilinmemektedir. ‹kincil metabolit üretimi ile ilgili bilimsel çal›flmalar›n ço¤u laboratuar ölçe¤i ile s›n›rl› kalm›flt›r. Biyoreaktörlerde bitki doku kültürlerinden ikincil metabolit üretimi tar›ma dayal› endüstrinin katma de¤er aç›s›ndan çok önemli bir unsuru olmaya adayd›r. Burada, bu konuda bilimsel çal›flma yapmay› hedefleyenler için bitki doku kültürlerinin geliflim ve ikincil metabolizmalar›n› etkileyen unsurlarla bitki doku hücrelerinde ikincil metabolizmay› etkileyen stres mekanizmalar› ve stres sonucu bitki doku kültürünün u¤rad›¤› de¤iflimler özetlenmifltir. Anahtar kelimeler: Bitki doku kültürü, sekonder metabolit, stres. SECONDARY METABOLITE SYNTHESIS IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURES AbstractSynthesis and manufacture of secondary metabolites have gained popularity due to their importance to human health. Secondary metabolites are known to have bioactive properties, and they are widely used in medical treatments, and thus are important in the pharmaceutical industry. Secondary metabolites are also used as food ingredients, functional food components and food additives. Plant tissue cultures allow manufacture of continuous, standardized production of secondary metabolites independent of seasonal variations, geographic position, atmospheric and soil growth conditions. Secondary metabolite production from plant tissues is faster and with higher yields compared to the animal tissues due to totipotency of plants which allows the plant cell to produce the organism itself. However, secondary metabolite syntheses mechanisms in plant tissue cultures are not well-understood, and in most cases, research on plant tissue cultures is limited to laboratory-scale in ...

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Vegetation Stress: an Introduction to the Stress Concept in Plants

Cited by 646 publications

References 25 publications

Drought Adaptation Mechanisms Should Guide Experimental Design

Drought Adaptation Mechanisms Should Guide Experimental Design

Influence of Salt Stress on Growth and Frost Resistance of Three Winter Cereals

Secondary Metabolite Synthesis in Plant Tissue Cultures

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