Vegetation history in the Eastern Romanian Carpathians: pollen analysis of two sequences from the Moho? crater

Tanţău, Ioan; Reille, Maurice; Beaulieu, Jacques‐Louis de; Fărcaş, Sorina; Goslar, Tomasz; Paterne, Martine

doi:10.1007/s00334-003-0015-6

Cited by 73 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The Mohos peat profile is 950 cm long and reaches the transition to the underlying basal limnic clay (Tanţau et al, 2003). Between 950 and 890 cm the record is composed of organic detritus (gyttja) and Carex peat deposited prior to the transition from a wetland into a bog at roughly 10 330 yr BP.…”

Section: Age Model and Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since agriculture and soil erosion may be linked, it is possible that events D4 and D5 could also reflect to some extent dust input related to land disturbance by human activities, on a regional scale. However, such evidence for agriculture, particularly in the proximity of Mohos, is limited to a few Plantago and cereal pollen (Tanţau et al, 2003), whilst the majority of pollen studies in Romania at this time indicate no significant agricultural indicators (e.g. Magyari et al, 2010;Schumacher et al, 2016;Tanţau et al, 2014).…”

Section: The Dust Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surrounding vegetation is typical of this altitude in the Carpathians (Cristea, 1993), the bog being located at the upper limit of the beech forest, with spruce also found on surrounding slopes. Vegetation on the bog itself is diverse, with common occurrences of Pinus sylvestris, Alnus glutinosa, and Betula pubescens, alongside various Salix species (Pop, 1960;Tanţau et al, 2003).…”

Section: Geographical Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that advanced agriculture-based societies inhabited the Carpathian area in the mid-Holocene (Carozza et al, 2012), with evidence of farming seen in a number of pollen records (see Schumacher et al, 2016 for a compilation), including in Mohos itself at the end of the Chalcolithic period (Tanţau et al, 2003). Since agriculture and soil erosion may be linked, it is possible that events D4 and D5 could also reflect to some extent dust input related to land disturbance by human activities, on a regional scale.…”

Section: The Dust Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodic input of dust over the Eastern Carpathians during the Holocene linked with Saharan desertification and human impact

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Reconstructions of dust flux have been used to produce valuable global records of changes in atmospheric circulation and aridity. These studies have highlighted the importance of atmospheric dust in marine and terrestrial biogeochemistry and nutrient cycling. By investigating a 10 800-year-long paleoclimate archive from the Eastern Carpathians (Romania) we present the first peat record of changing dust deposition over the Holocene for the CarpathianBalkan region. Using qualitative (X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning) and quantitative inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES) measurements of lithogenic (K, Si, Ti) elements, we identify 10 periods of major dust deposition between 9500-9200, 8400-8100, 7720-7250, 6350-5950, 5450-5050, 4130-3770, 3450-2850, 2000-1450, 800-620, and 60 cal yr BP to present. In addition, we used testate amoeba assemblages preserved within the peat to infer local palaeohydroclimatic conditions. Our record highlights several discrepancies between eastern and western European dust depositional records and the impact of highly complex hydrological regimes in the Carpathian region. Since 6100 cal yr BP, we find that the geochemical indicators of dust flux have become uncoupled from the local hydrology. This coincides with the appearance of millennial-scale cycles in the dust input and changes in geochemical composition of dust. We suggest that this is indicative of a shift in dust provenance from local-regional (likely loess-related) to distal (Saharan) sources, which coincide with the end of the African Humid Period and the onset of Saharan desertification.

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Section: Age Model and Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Dust Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographical Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Dust Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodic input of dust over the Eastern Carpathians during the Holocene linked with Saharan desertification and human impact

et al. 2017

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“…During the Roman period, deforestation was a common practice for economic purposes like wood exploitation and agriculture clearings (Chew 2008). Moreover, besides being mandatory for defensive purposes, the deforestation event is also supported by paleoenvironmental studies that indicate a large scale deforestation within this region (Rosch & Fischer 2000, Tanţău et al 2003, Tanțău et al 2006, Feurdean 2010, Tanţǎu et al 2014. Oak, beech, and hornbeam show a decrease in the pollen spectra during a time span overlapping the Roman period (Grindean et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

An integrated airborne laser scanning approach to forest management and cultural heritage issues: a case study at Porolissum, Romania

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper explores the opportunities that arise where forest ecosystem management and cultural heritage monuments protection converge. The case study area for our analysis was the landscape surrounding the Moigrad-Porolissum Archaeological site. We emphasize that an Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS or LiDAR-Light Detection and Ranging) approach to both forest management and cultural heritage conservation is an outstanding tool, assisting policy-makers and conservationists in decision making for integrated planning and management of the environment. LiDAR-derived surface models enabled a synoptic, never-seen-before view of the ancient Roman frontiers defensive systems while also revealing the present forest road network. The thorough and accurate road inventory data are very useful for updating and modifying forest base maps and registries and also for identifying the priority sectors for archaeological discharge. The ability to identify and determine optimal routes for forest management and to locate previously unmapped ancient archaeological remains aids in reducing costs and creating operational efficiencies as well as in complying with the legislation and avoiding infringements. The potential of LiDAR to demonstrate the long-term and comprehensive human impact on wooded areas is discussed. We identified a significant historical landscape change, consisting of a deforestation period, spanning over more than 160 years, during the Roman Period in Dacia (106-271 AD). The transdisciplinary analysis of the LiDAR data provides the base for combining knowledge from archaeology, forestry and environmental history in order to achieve a thorough analysis of the landscape changes and history. In the "nature versus culture" dichotomy, the landscape, outfield areas and forests are primarily perceived as nature, while in reality they are often heavily marked by human impact. LiDAR offers an efficient method for broadening our knowledge regarding the character and extent of human interaction with landscapes -forested or otherwise.

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Visualization techniques for an airborne laser scanning‐derived digital terrain model in forested steep terrain: Detecting archaeological remains in the subsurface

et al. 2017

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This paper presents the method used to efficiently identify and map previously unknown subsurface remains in a steep, forested, and mostly unexplored area, within the archaeological site of Porolissum, Romania. The remains are part of the defensive system of the ancient Roman Empire frontiers (Roman limes). The complementary use of high‐resolution airborne laser scanning derived digital terrain model and visualization techniques enabled the detection of 79 new, subsurface archaeological structures, most of which were confirmed by ground inspection to be key elements of the limes. The best performing methods, achieving detection of the maximum visible extent for over 75% of all features were in descending order: principal component analysis, simple local‐relief model, sky‐view factor, and positive openness. Analytical hill‐shading, slope, negative openness, and hill‐shading had a larger proportion of partial detections. The position of these ancient remains supports the hypothesis that this area was extensively deforested, for strategic purposes, during the Roman period. Employing one of the latest remote sensing techniques, we have identified the location of previously unknown, buried ancient structures of the Roman limes in Dacia Province, an essential step for compiling a database necessary for enlisting this Roman limes sector on the World Heritage List.

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Vegetation history in the Eastern Romanian Carpathians: pollen analysis of two sequences from the Moho? crater

Cited by 73 publications

References 10 publications

Periodic input of dust over the Eastern Carpathians during the Holocene linked with Saharan desertification and human impact

Periodic input of dust over the Eastern Carpathians during the Holocene linked with Saharan desertification and human impact

An integrated airborne laser scanning approach to forest management and cultural heritage issues: a case study at Porolissum, Romania

Visualization techniques for an airborne laser scanning‐derived digital terrain model in forested steep terrain: Detecting archaeological remains in the subsurface

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