Periodic input of dust over the Eastern Carpathians during the Holocene linked with Saharan desertification and human impact

Longman, Jack; Vereș, Daniel; Ersek, Vasile; Salzmann, Ulrich; Hubay, Katalin; Bormann, Marc; Wennrich, Volker; Schäbitz, Frank

doi:10.5194/cp-13-897-2017

Cited by 46 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Figure 8c shows the situation regarding winter precipitation inferred from speleothem δ 18 O records and pollen reconstructions. They are of particular relevance for most of the basin, which is strongly controlled by NAO, in particu-lar in the western and central parts of the basin (Lionello et al, 2006;López-Moreno et al, 2011), with winter precipitation being negatively correlated with NAO. On the contrary, areas of the southeastern Mediterranean show an anticorrelation with western Mediterranean precipitation, resulting in a seesaw pattern known as the Mediterranean Oscillation (MO; e.g., Conte et al, 1989).…”

Section: Is a Synthesis Possible?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8c and 10 seems to find some similarity with the reconstruction proposed by Dermody et al (2012) during Roman time. According to Der- (Berger and Loutre, 1991); NAO index (Olsen et al, 2011); storm activity in the Gulf of Lion (Sabatier et al, 2012); Renella Cave ; Mohos peat dust flux (Longman et al, 2017); Scȃrişoara Ice Cave, d excess in the ice cave (Perşoiu et al, 2017); probability flood frequency from north Tunisia (Zielhofer and Faust, 2008); Sidi Ali dust flux (Zielhofer et al, 2017b); clastic input at Petit Lac (Brisset et al, 2013); Gemini Lake July temperature (Northern Apennines) (Samartin et al, 2017); Alìmini Pìccolo arboreal pollen (AP %) record (Di Rita and Magri, 2009); Calderone glacier expansion (Zanchetta et al, 2012a); Qarun Lake (Marks et al, 2018). Figure 10.…”

Section: Is a Synthesis Possible?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In northeastern Africa, there is further evidence of climate change at about 4.2 ka associated with the collapse of the ancient Old Kingdom in Egypt (Welc and Marks, 2014, and references therein). Dust deposition increases in the Eastern Carpathians, as documented by the Mohos peat succession (Longman et al, 2017), although an increase of clastic material in a peat succession in a volcanic caldera can be explained also by an increase in local soil erosion. This phase is marked by a change in the d excess in the ice in the Scȃrişoara Ice Cave (Carpathian Mountains; Fig.…”

Section: Is a Synthesis Possible?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview

et al. 2019

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The Mediterranean region and the Levant have returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring around 4200 years ago. However, some regional evidence is controversial and contradictory, and issues remain regarding timing, progression, and regional articulation of this event. In this paper, we review the evidence from selected proxies (sea-surface temperature, precipitation, and temperature reconstructed from pollen, δ 18 O on speleothems, and δ 18 O on lacustrine carbonate) over the Mediterranean Basin to infer possible regional climate patterns during the interval between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. The values and limitations of these proxies are discussed, and their potential for furnishing information on seasonality is also ex-plored. Despite the chronological uncertainties, which are the main limitations for disentangling details of the climatic conditions, the data suggest that winter over the Mediterranean involved drier conditions, in addition to already dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail -where wetter conditions seem to have persisted -suggesting regional heterogeneity in climate patterns. Temperature data, even if sparse, also suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform. The most common paradigm to interpret the precipitation regime in the Mediterranean -a North Atlantic Oscillation-like pattern -is not completely satisfactory to interpret the selected data.

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Section: Is a Synthesis Possible?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is a Synthesis Possible?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is a Synthesis Possible?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview

et al. 2019

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“…In comparison, the longest deposition dust fluxes measured in Corsica (10 years) vary between 4 and 26 g m 2 yr −1 (Loÿe-Pilot, M.D. and Martin, 1996), with the lower value of this range corresponding to the NCIR flux calculated from the Lake Bastani sediment core. Even a low dust deposition year (2013: 2.1 g m 2 yr −1 ) (Vincent et al, 2016) corresponds to half of the NCIR flux.…”

Section: Sediment Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Past African dust inputs in the western Mediterranean area controlled by the complex interaction between the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and total solar irradiance

et al. 2020

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North Africa is the largest source of mineral dust on Earth, which has multiple impacts on the climate system; however, our understanding of decadal to centennial changes in African dust emissions over the last few millenniums is limited. Here, we present a high-resolution multiproxy analysis of sediment core from high-elevation Lake Bastani, on the island of Corsica, to reconstruct past African dust inputs to the western Mediterranean area over the last 3150 cal BP. Clay mineralogy with palygorskite and a clay ratio associated with geochemical data allow us to determine that terrigenous fluxes are almost exclusively related to atmospheric dust deposition from the western Sahara and Sahel areas over this period. High-resolution geochemical contents provide a reliable proxy for Saharan dust inputs with long-term (millennial) to short-term (centennial) variations. Millennial variations have been correlated with the long-term southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), with an increase in dust input since 1070 cal BP. This correlation suggests a strong link with the ITCZ and could reflect the increased availability of dust sources to be mobilized with an increase in wind and a decrease in precipitation over western and North Africa. For centennial to decadal variations, wavelet analyses show that since 1070 cal BP, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been the main climatic forcing, with an increase in Saharan dust input during the positive phase, as suggested by previous studies over the last decades. However, when the ITCZ is in a northern position, before 1070 cal BP, wavelet analyses indicate that total solar irradiance (TSI) is the main forcing factor, with an increase in African dust input during low TSI. With climate reanalysis over the instrumental era, during low TSI we observe a significant negative anomaly in pressure over Africa, which is known to increase the dust transport. These two climatic forcing factors (NAO, TSI) modulate Saharan dust inputs to the Mediterranean area at a centennial timescale through changes in wind and transport pathways.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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“…The respective influence of fluvial versus eolian input and the low time resolution of marine sedimentary records over the Holocene period do not allow for studies of short-term (decadal to centennial) variability. Other continental archives such as peat bogs (Le Roux et al, 2012;Longman et al, 2017) or lake (Zielhofer et al, 2017) demonstrate the possibility to record African dust. A recent study, in the Iberian Peninsula, shows the potential for highelevation lake sediment to record African dust (Jiménez-Espejo et al, 2014), despite the low resolution of the sequence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past African dust inputs in Western Mediterranean area controlled by the complex interaction between ITCZ, NAO and TSI

Sabatier

Nicolle

Piot

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. North Africa is the largest source of mineral dust on Earth, which has multiple impacts on the climate system; however, our understanding of decadal to centennial changes in African dust emissions over the last few millennia is limited. Here, we present a high-resolution multiproxy analysis of sediment core from high-elevation lake Bastani, in Corsica Island to reconstruct past African dust inputs to the Western Mediterranean area over the last 3150 yrs cal BP. Clay Mineralogy and geochemical data allows us to identify that terrigenous fluxes are almost exclusively related to atmospheric dust deposition from the West and North Sahara over this period, which is consistent with current observations. High resolution geochemical contents provide a reliable proxy of Saharan dust inputs with millennial to centennial scale variations. Millennial variations have been correlated to the long term southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) with an increase of dust input since 1070 yrs cal BP. This correlation suggests a strong link with ITCZ and could reflect the increased availability of dust sources to be mobilized with an increase in wind and a decrease in precipitation over West and North Africa. For centennial to decadal variations, wavelet analyses show that since 1070 yr cal BP, NAO is the main climatic forcing with an increase of Saharan dust input during positive phase, as suggested by previous study over the last decades. However, when ITCZ is in a northern position, before 1070 yr cal BP, wavelet analyses indicate that total solar irradiance (TSI) is the main forcing factor, with an increase of African dust input during low TSI. With climate reanalysis over the instrumental era, during low TSI we observe a significant negative anomaly in pressure over Africa which is known to increase the dust transport. These two climatic forcing factors (NAO, TSI) modulate Saharan dust inputs to the Mediterranean area at centennial timescale through changes in wind and transport pathways.

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Periodic input of dust over the Eastern Carpathians during the Holocene linked with Saharan desertification and human impact

Cited by 46 publications

References 132 publications

The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview

The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview

Past African dust inputs in the western Mediterranean area controlled by the complex interaction between the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and total solar irradiance

Past African dust inputs in Western Mediterranean area controlled by the complex interaction between ITCZ, NAO and TSI

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