Vegetarian diets in the Adventist Health Study 2: a review of initial published findings

Orlich, Michael J.; Fraser, Gary E.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.071233

Cited by 167 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Dr. Gary Fraser, the principal investigator for AHS-2, has written a book summarizing findings from Adventist Health studies in relation to chronic illness, particularly cancer and heart disease (Fraser 2003). More recent reviews have quantitatively summarized Adventist Health Studies findings with regards to intermediary health outcomes such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (Le and Sabate 2014;Orlich and Fraser 2014), as well as ischemic and other cardiovascular diseases and specific types of cancer (Le and Sabate 2014). For the present review, Dr. Fraser has briefly summarized below several of the most noteworthy aspects in the Adventist Health Studies series:…”

Section: Adventist Health Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Influence of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church on Diet

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The emphasis on health ministry within the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) movement led to the development of sanitariums in mid-nineteenth century America. These facilities, the most notable being in Battle Creek, Michigan, initiated the development of vegetarian foods, such as breakfast cereals and analogue meats. The SDA Church still operates a handful of food production facilities around the world. The first Battle Creek Sanitarium dietitian was co-founder of the American Dietetics Association which ultimately advocated a vegetarian diet. The SDA Church established hundreds of hospitals, colleges, and secondary schools and tens of thousands of churches around the world, all promoting a vegetarian diet. As part of the 'health message,' diet continues to be an important aspect of the church's evangelistic efforts. In addition to promoting a vegetarian diet and abstinence from alcohol, the SDA church has also invested resources in demonstrating the health benefits of these practices through research. Much of that research has been conducted at Loma Linda

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Section: Adventist Health Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Influence of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church on Diet

et al. 2018

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“…Studies connecting vegetarian diets to improved health are well-established (Barnard et al, 2015;Olrich & Fraser, 2014;Ornish et al,1998;Schmidt et al,1997), however, the evidence for this phenomenon to be transferred to improved physical performance in athletes is less clear. The aim of this study was to examine the evidence for the relationship between consumption of a vegetarian-based diet and improved physical performance by conducting a systematic literature review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 provides an overview of common vegetarian diets. Reduction in coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and even some cancers have been observed in participants following vegetarian-based diets (Barnard et al, 2015;Olrich & Fraser., 2014;Ornish et al,1998;Schmidt et al,1997). Diets of this nature are typically higher in oligo and polysaccharides, fibre, fruits, vegetables, antioxidants and phytochemicals while lower in saturated fat and cholesterol compared to omnivorous diets (Venderley & Campbell, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetarian and Omnivorous Nutrition—Comparing Physical Performance

Craddock¹,

Probst²,

Peoples³

2016

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Humans consuming vegetarian-based diets are observed to have reduced relative risk for many chronic diseases. Similarly, regular physical activity has also been shown to assist in preventing, and reducing the severity of these conditions. Many people, including athletes, acknowledge these findings and are adopting a vegetarian-based diet to improve their health status. Furthermore, athletes are incorporating this approach with the specific aim of optimising physical performance. To examine the evidence for the relationship between consuming a predominately vegetarian-based diet and improved physical performance a systematic literature review was performed using the SCOPUS database. No date parameters were set. The keywords; vegetarian* OR vegan* AND sport* OR athlete* OR training OR performance OR endurance' were used to identify relevant literature. Included studies; (i) directly compared a vegetarian-based diet to an omnivorous/ mixed diet, (ii) directly assessed physical performance, not biomarkers of physical performance, (iii) did not use supplementation emulating a vegetarian diet. Reference lists were hand searched for additional studies.Seven randomised controlled trials and one cross-sectional study met the inclusion criteria. No distinguished differences between vegetarian-based diets and omnivorous mixed diets were identified when physical performance was compared. Consuming a predominately vegetarian-based diet did not improve nor hinder performance in athletes. However, with only 8 studies identified, with substantial variability amongst the studies' experimental designs, aims and outcomes, further research is warranted However, with only 8 studies identified, with substantial variability amongst the 3 studies' experimental designs, aims and outcomes, further research is warranted.

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“…Through one of the largest lifestyle cohort studies, the Adventist Health Study, researchers at Loma Linda University found lifestyle habits linked with an overall improvement in life expectancy that is significantly greater than that for the general US population as well as a reduction in chronic health conditions, especially those associated with states of chronic inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. 19,[21][22][23][24][25] The increased healthy longevity of this population may have major implications for health promotion, especially with disease prevention founded in early childhood.…”

Section: Original Research and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences among a Community of Resilient Centenarians and Seniors: Implications for a Chronic Disease Prevention Framework

Spencer-Hwang

Torres

Valladares

et al. 2018

TPJ

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Context: Research has linked adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with chronic disease in adults and diminished life span. Adverse biological embedding of ACEs potentially occurs through inflammatory mechanisms; inflammatory marker alterations are identified as candidate biomarkers for mediating health consequences. Lifestyle practices of residents of California's Loma Linda Blue Zone, one of five worldwide longevity hotspots, may provide insight into inflammation remediation and chronic disease prevention. Little research has been done on centenarians' early-life experiences or on ACEs in a longevity community.Objective: To interview centenarians and seniors in this region regarding their childhood experiences to inform chronic disease prevention frameworks.Design: Qualitative study of Loma Linda Blue Zone community members. Childhood exposures and practices were assessed using focus groups and semistructured key informant interviews, with open-ended questions on general hardships and ACEs and supplemented with lifestyle and resiliency factor questions. Data were audiorecorded and transcribed. Integrative grounded theory methods guided coding and theming.Main Outcome Measures: Exposure to ACEs and practice of resiliency factors. Results: Participants (7 centenarians and 29 seniors) reported exposure to multiple ACEs (domains: Economic deprivation, family dysfunction, and community violence). Community members reported practicing resiliency factors, each with anti-inflammatory properties suggesting mitigation of ACE-related toxic stress.Conclusion: This is one of the first studies of its kind to identify a community of resilient members despite their tremendous burden of ACEs. Embedding the identified resiliency factors into chronic disease prevention frameworks has potential for mitigating systemic inflammation, alleviating chronic disease burden, and promoting a culture of health.

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Vegetarian diets in the Adventist Health Study 2: a review of initial published findings

Cited by 167 publications

References 40 publications

The Global Influence of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church on Diet

The Global Influence of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church on Diet

Vegetarian and Omnivorous Nutrition—Comparing Physical Performance

Adverse Childhood Experiences among a Community of Resilient Centenarians and Seniors: Implications for a Chronic Disease Prevention Framework

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