Vegetable Tannin as a Sustainable UV Stabilizer for Polyurethane Foams

Oliviero, Maria; Stanzione, Mariamelia; D’Auria, Marco; Sorrentino, Luigi; Iannace, Salvatore; Verdolotti, Letizia

doi:10.3390/polym11030480

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The tannin used in the present study is a commercial variety extracted from the bark of the Black Acacia ( Acacia mearnsii ) and modified by ammonium [27]. Tannins are hydrolyzable and/or condensed materials [39]. The tannin has a polymeric structure and contains amino groups [28], which are involved in the bridging mechanism used by particles during the coagulation process (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial Design and Optimization of Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Tannin-Based Natural Coagulant

et al. 2019

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In this study, tannin-based natural coagulant was used to treat stabilized landfill leachate. Tannin modified with amino group was utilized for the treatment process. Central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate and optimize the effect of tannin dosage and pH on four responses. The treatment efficiency was evaluated based on the removal of four selected (responses) parameters; namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, NH3–N and total suspended solids (TSS). The optimum removal efficiency for COD, TSS, NH3–N and color was obtained using a tannin dosage of 0.73 g at a pH of 6. Moreover, the removal efficiency for selected heavy metals from leachate; namely, iron (Fe2+), zinc (Zn2+), copper (Cu2+), chromium (Cr2+), cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+), arsenic (As3+), and cobalt (Co2+) was also investigated. The results for removal efficiency for COD, TSS, NH3–N, and color were 53.50%, 60.26%, and 91.39%, respectively. The removal of selected heavy metals from leachate for Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+ and cobalt Co2+ were 89.76%, 94.61%, 94.15%, 89.94%, 17.26%, 93.78%, 86.43% and 84.19%, respectively. The results demonstrate that tannin-based natural coagulant could effectively remove organic compounds and heavy metals from stabilized landfill leachate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial Design and Optimization of Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Tannin-Based Natural Coagulant

et al. 2019

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“…The FTIR analysis was conducted on bM polyol and synthesized bS polyol, and the spectra are reported in Figure 3. By observing the FTIR spectra, it was observed for the bS spectrum that the main characteristic peaks related to the OH stretching vibration around 3300 cm −1 , the carbonyl absorption peak at 1711 cm −1 (higher than C=O of bM due to its higher quantity in the polymeric structure) and the stretching vibration C-O-C at 1153 cm −1 , both ascribed to the polyester polyol [5,7,8,14]. Conversely, bM polyol shows the OH and C=O absorption peaks (see the spectrum in Figure 3), the double peaks around 1100-1000 cm −1 belong to the C-O-C ether groups of Mannich polyol and the C-N and aromatic vibration peaks at 1254 cm −1 and 1490 cm −1 wavenumber, respectively [18,[28][29][30].…”

Section: Polyols Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sustainable resources such as biomasses can be used as a valuable and inexhaustible feedstock to produce several chemicals, as they are naturally renewable. In this context, the production of polyols from biomasses has been widely investigated worldwide in both academic institutions and industries, since they represent, along with polyisocyanates, the main components for the manufacturing of sustainable polyurethanes [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. These polyols, obtained from biomass through fine chemical processes, represent an environmentally friendly alternative to the continuous depletion of fossil resources [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Sustainable Polyurethane Foam Based on Greener Polyols: Succinic-Based Polyol and Mannich-Based Polyol

et al. 2020

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It is well known that the traditional synthetic polymers, such as Polyurethane foams, require raw materials that are not fully sustainable and are based on oil-feedstocks. For this reason, renewable resources such as biomass, polysaccharides and proteins are still recognized as one of the most promising approaches for substituting oil-based raw materials (mainly polyols). However, polyurethanes from renewable sources exhibit poor physical and functional performances. For this reason, the best technological solution is the production of polyurethane materials obtained through a partial replacement of the oil-based polyurethane precursors. This approach enables a good balance between the need to improve the sustainability of the polymer and the need to achieve suitable performances, to fulfill the technological requirements for specific applications. In this paper, a succinic-based polyol sample (obtained from biomass source) was synthesized, characterized and blended with cardanol-based polyol (Mannich-based polyol) to produce sustainable rigid polyurethane foams in which the oil-based polyol is totally replaced. A suitable amount of catalysts and surfactant, water as blowing reagent and poly-methylene diphenyl di-isocyanate as isocyanate source were used for the polyurethane synthesis. The resulting foams were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to control the cross-linking reactions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the morphological structure and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal conductivity to evaluate thermal degradation behavior and thermal insulation properties.

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“…Solid and liquefied condensed tannins were utilized in polyurethane foam as a sustainable feedstock [37]. In addition, the functionality of tannins and their UV stability [44], antimicrobial activity [15], and mechanical and thermal properties [45] were improved. However, tannins' insolubility in appropriate solvents and their high viscosity are the key barriers to be addressed when used in polyurethane systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Polyurethane Resins Derived from Tannin: Source, Synthesis, Characterisation, and Application

Aristri

Iswanto

Fatriasari

et al. 2021

Forests

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Tannins are soluble, astringent secondary phenolic metabolites generally obtained from renewable natural resources, and can be found in many plant parts, such as fruits, stems, leaves, seeds, roots, buds, and tree barks, where they have a protective function against bacterial, fungal, and insect attacks. In general, tannins can be extracted using hot water or organic solvents from the bark, leaves, and stems of plants. Industrially, tannins are applied to produce adhesives, wood coatings, and other applications in the wood and polymer industries. In addition, tannins can also be used as a renewable and environmentally friendly material to manufacture bio-based polyurethanes (bio-PUs) to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of isocyanates used in their manufacture. Tannin-based bio-PUs can improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers used in the automotive, wood, and construction industries. The various uses of tannins need to be put into perspective with regards to possible further advances and future potential for value-added applications. Tannins are employed in a wide range of industrial applications, including the production of leather and wood adhesives, accounting for almost 90% of the global commercial tannin output. The shortage of natural resources, as well as the growing environmental concerns related to the reduction of harmful emissions of formaldehyde or isocyanates used in the production of polyurethanes, have driven the industrial and academic interest towards the development of tannin-based bio-PUs as sustainable alternative materials with satisfactory characteristics. The aim of the present review is to comprehensively summarize the current state of research in the field of development, characterization, and application of tannin-derived, bio-based polyurethane resins. The successful synthesis process of the tannin-based bio-PUs was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses.

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Vegetable Tannin as a Sustainable UV Stabilizer for Polyurethane Foams

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Factorial Design and Optimization of Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Tannin-Based Natural Coagulant

Factorial Design and Optimization of Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Tannin-Based Natural Coagulant

Upgrading Sustainable Polyurethane Foam Based on Greener Polyols: Succinic-Based Polyol and Mannich-Based Polyol

Bio-Based Polyurethane Resins Derived from Tannin: Source, Synthesis, Characterisation, and Application

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