Vector competence of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, for the recently recognized Lyme borreliosis spirochete Candidatus Borrelia mayonii

Dolan, Marc C.; Hojgaard, Andrias; Hoxmeier, J. Charles; Replogle, Adam J.; Respicio-Kingry, Laurel B.; Sexton, Christopher; Williams, Martin A. K.; Pritt, Bobbi S.; Schriefer, Martin E.; Eisen, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.02.012

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Lyme disease is caused by the spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (herein referred to as B. burgdorferi ) [2], or much less commonly by Borrelia mayonii [3]; both are transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (including the junior synonym, Ixodes dammini ) in the eastern United States where the vast majority of cases occur [4,5]. Over the past two decades, we have seen expansions in both the geographic range of I. scapularis [6] (Figure 1A,B) and the incidence and geographic range of Lyme disease and other I. scapularis -borne diseases [7,8] (Figure 1C,D).…”

Section: Ixodes Scapularis-borne Disease Agents Are An Increasing Pubmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of Powassan virus and Bo. miyamotoi relapsing fever spirochetes , which can be passed transovarially as well as acquired through blood-feeding [17,18], the other five human pathogens transmitted by I. scapularis are not known to be maintained transovarially, and acquisition by ticks therefore occurs during blood feeding [4,17,19–23]. …”

Section: Ixodes Scapularis-borne Disease Agents Are An Increasing Pubmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bo. mayonii has been detected in field-collected I. scapularis from Minnesota and Wisconsin [3], and vector competence has been demonstrated under laboratory conditions [4]. Bo.…”

Section: The Number Of Recognized Human Disease Agents Transmitted Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis : An Increasing Public Health Concern

Eisen

2018

Trends in Parasitology

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In the United States, the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is a vector of seven human pathogens, including those causing Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, Borrelia miyamotoi disease, Powassan virus disease, and ehrlichiosis associated with Ehrlichia muris eauclarensis. In addition to an accelerated rate of discovery of I. scapularis-borne pathogens over the past two decades, the geographic range of the tick, and incidence and range of I. scapularis-borne disease cases, have increased. Despite knowledge of when and where humans are most at risk of exposure to infected ticks, control of I. scapularis-borne diseases remains a challenge. Human vaccines are not available, and we lack solid evidence for other prevention and control methods to reduce human disease. The way forward is discussed.

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Section: Ixodes Scapularis-borne Disease Agents Are An Increasing Pubmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ixodes Scapularis-borne Disease Agents Are An Increasing Pubmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis : An Increasing Public Health Concern

Eisen

2018

Trends in Parasitology

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“…Borrelia mayonii Pritt is a recently discovered species within B. burgdorferi senso lato complex and has been detected in field-collected I. scapularis [39,63]. From 2012-2014, six patients in the midwestern region of the US experienced Lyme borreliosis that was attributed to B. mayonii [63].…”

Section: Borrelia Mayonii (Borreliosis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 2012-2014, six patients in the midwestern region of the US experienced Lyme borreliosis that was attributed to B. mayonii [63]. A vector competence study showed that transmission of B. mayonii was more common after infected I. scapularis were attached to mice for 72-96 h (3/5 mice became infected), compared to 24-48 h (1/6 mice became infected) of attachment [39]. In the same study, six infected ticks were feeding on each naïve mouse, hence, the amount of the pathogen being inoculated into each mouse by multiple ticks is expected to vary between replicates.…”

Section: Borrelia Mayonii (Borreliosis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Tick Attachment Times Vary between Different Tick-Pathogen Systems?

et al. 2017

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Improvements to risk assessments are needed to enhance our understanding of tick-borne disease epidemiology. We review tick vectors and duration of tick attachment required for pathogen transmission for the following pathogens/toxins and diseases: (1) Anaplasma phagocytophilum (anaplasmosis); (2) Babesia microti (babesiosis); (3) Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease); (4) Southern tick-associated rash illness; (5) Borrelia hermsii (tick-borne relapsing fever); (6) Borrelia parkeri (tick-borne relapsing fever); (7) Borrelia turicatae (tick-borne relapsing fever); (8) Borrelia mayonii; Reported tick attachment times varied (<1 h to seven days) between pathogen/toxin type and tick vector. Not all studies were designed to detect the duration of attachment required for transmission. Knowledge of this important aspect of vector competence is lacking and impairs risk assessment for some tick-borne pathogens.

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Borreliella

Barbour¹,

Qiu²

2019

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Bor.rel.i.el'la. N.L. fem. dim. n. Borreliella named after Amédée Borrel (1867–1936). Spirochaetes / Spirochaetes / Spirochaetales / Borreliaceae / Borreliella Cells are helical, 0.2–0.3 µm in diameter, 15–30 µm in length, and do not have hooked ends. Coils are regular or irregular in spacing and amplitude. Motile. Inner and outer membranes with overlapping periplasmic flagella; 7–11 subterminal insertion points in most species. Aniline‐stain‐positive. Microaerophilic. Ferments glucose. Most species are cultivable in complex, serum‐containing media that include N ‐acetylglucosamine. Optimum growth is between 33 and 38°C. Cells are polyploid, with each genome comprising a linear chromosome and one or more linear and circular plasmids. All known species are host‐associated organisms that are transmitted among mammalian, avian, and reptile reservoirs by a tick of the prostriate genus Ixodes . In unfed ticks, the organisms are located in the midgut and only travel to the salivary glands once the next blood meal commences. Transovarial transmission in tick vector does not occur. Members of this genus include all known agents of Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) as well as several species not associated with human disease. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 28–29. Type species : Borreliella burgdorferi (Adeolu and Gupta 2014, VL163) (basonym: Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson et al. 1984b VP ).

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Vector competence of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, for the recently recognized Lyme borreliosis spirochete Candidatus Borrelia mayonii

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis : An Increasing Public Health Concern

The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis : An Increasing Public Health Concern

Do Tick Attachment Times Vary between Different Tick-Pathogen Systems?

Borreliella

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