Vector competence of Aedes aegypti in transmitting Chikungunya virus: effects and implications of extrinsic incubation temperature on dissemination and infection rates

Mbaika, Sophiah; Lutomiah, Joel; Chepkorir, Edith; Mulwa, Francis; Khayeka–Wandabwa, Christopher; Tigoi, Caroline; Oyoo–Okoth, Elijah; Mu, James; Ng’ang’a, Zipporah; Sang, Rosemary

doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0566-7

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Otros autores han sugerido que la presencia del virus en los estadios inmaduros del vector puede deberse al canibalismo indiscriminado que practican las larvas (19); sin embargo, esto es poco probable dada la degradación del virus por la acción de las enzimas y los ácidos digestivos. Por el contrario, el mecanismo de transmisión vertical garantiza la persistencia de los virus que se transmiten en los periodos entre epidemias o en condiciones ambientales difíciles, y convierte las formas inmaduras de A. aegypti en reservorios virales (21).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Dengue virus detection in Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae collected in rural areas of Anapoima, Cundinamarca, Colombia

et al. 2017

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Introducción. La incidencia y la prevalencia del dengue en Cundinamarca son elevadas y, recientemente, se detectó Aedes aegypti en algunas áreas rurales del departamento.Objetivo. Evaluar la transmisión transovárica del virus del dengue en larvas y pupas recolectadas en áreas rurales del municipio de Anapoima.Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron ejemplares vivos en 53 viviendas y se transportaron al laboratorio de Anapoima, donde se clasificaron, se agruparon y se congelaron. Llevadas a Bogotá, se las homogeneizó, se les extrajo el ARN con Trizol®, se las sometió a una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcripción inversa (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Change Reaction, RT-PCR) y a PCR convencional, y los productos amplificados se analizaron en geles de agarosa al 2 %.Resultados. En 54,7 % de las viviendas evaluadas se encontraron formas inmaduras del vector y el serotipo más frecuente fue el DENV-1. Sin embargo, en algunos pools se detectó la presencia simultánea de los serotipos DENV 1 y 2, DENV 1 y 3, y DENV 1 y 4, así como los serotipos DENV 1, 2 y 3.Conclusión. Los resultados confirmaron la transmisión vertical del virus de manera natural en el área rural del municipio, lo cual reafirma la capacidad vectorial de A. aegypti y explica, en parte, la persistencia del virus en la región y la posibilidad de que en la fase adulta el vector lo transmita sin haber consumido sangre infectada. Esta situación aumenta el riesgo de infección por el virus del dengue en Colombia y, por lo tanto, la necesidad de adelantar programas de prevención y control en todas las zonas con presencia del mosquito.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Dengue virus detection in Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae collected in rural areas of Anapoima, Cundinamarca, Colombia

et al. 2017

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“…Hence, suggesting Coastal Kenya population is more susceptible to Alphavirus infection therefore having a weaker mid gut infection barrier than the Trans Nzoia population. 30 Furthermore; humidity can also play a role, with increased humidity facilitating increased survival of mosquitoes. 31 Sera positive for anti-CHIKV antibodies by ELISA, most exhibited IgG antibodies suggesting late acute phase disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of chikungunya fever virus and O’nyong Nyong fever virus among febrile patients visiting selected hospitals in 2011-2012 Trans Nzoia County, Kenya

Kamau

Magoma²,

Kwallah

et al. 2018

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus in the Semliki Forest complex, and is most closely related to O’Nyong Nyong virus (ONNV). CHIKV and ONNV are mosquito-borne alphaviruses endemic in East Africa that cause acute febrile illness and arthralgia. The objectives of this study were to measure seroprevalence of CHIKV and ONNV in selected health facilities in Western Kenya and link it to demographics and other risk factors.Methods: The study design was cross sectional in selected health facilities. We tested for anti-CHIKV antibodies using In-house Indirect IgG Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and In-house IgM Capture ELISA and confirmed with Focus Reduction Neutralization Test (FRNT) for specific alphavirus neutralizing antibodies against CHIKV or ONNV. Mean, median and standard deviation were used to summarize the data. Comparisons of means and medians were done using Student’s t test. Prevalence rates were determined using descriptive statistics (e.g. proportions, rates).Results: From the 382 samples that were successfully collected, 114 (29.84%) had anti-CHIKV antibodies by the ELISA test. Of these, 27 (7.1%) had CHIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies and 5 (1.3%) had ONNV-specific neutralizing antibodies. Age was significantly associated with seropositivity (OR=1.03; P=0.015, 95% C.I 1.01-1.06). Males were less likely to be seropositive (OR=0.67; P=0.358, 95% C.I 0.27-1.52). Risk factors associated with seropositivity included collecting firewood (OR=2.73 95% 1.13- 6.41) and walls with holes and cracks (OR=0.23 95% C.I 0.04 -0.86).Conclusions: Both CHIKV and ONNV infections were confirmed in the participants’ more so in women and adults, demonstrating undocumented and ongoing transmission in Western Kenya. In 2011 and 2012 CHIKV and ONNV contributed 8.4% of fevers presented in the three selected health facilities in Western Kenya.

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“…SGs were collected at 14 days post oral infection (dpi) with DENV and ZIKV, and at seven dpi with CHIKV (Supplementary Figure 1) to account for variability between virus extrinsic incubation periods (EIP) (Mbaika et al, 2016; Salazar et al, 2007). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated with DESeq2, edgeR and Cuffdiff 2, and showed little overlap among the algorithms (Supplementary Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

JNK pathway restricts DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV infection by activating complement and apoptosis in mosquito salivary glands

Chowdhury

Modahl

Tan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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150 words) 23 Arbovirus infection of Aedes aegypti salivary glands (SGs) determines transmission. 24 However, there is a dearth of knowledge on SG immunity. Here, we characterized SG 25 immune response to dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses using high-throughput 26 transcriptomics. The three viruses regulate components of Toll, IMD and JNK pathways. 27 However, silencing of Toll and IMD components showed variable effects on SG infection by 28 each virus. In contrast, regulation of JNK pathway produced consistent responses. Virus 29 infection increased with depletion of component Kayak and decreased with depletion of 30 negative regulator Puckered. Virus-induced JNK pathway regulates complement and 31 apoptosis in SGs via TEP20 and Dronc, respectively. Individual and co-silencing of these 32 genes demonstrate their antiviral effects and that both may function together. Co-silencing 33 either TEP20 or Dronc with Puckered annihilates JNK pathway antiviral effect. We 34 identified and characterized the broad antiviral function of JNK pathway in SGs, expanding 35 the immune arsenal that blocks arbovirus transmission. 36 37 38Despite the critical role of SGs in transmission, only three studies have examined DENV-87 responsive differential gene expression in SGs. These studies revealed activation of the Toll 88 5 and IMD pathways (Bonizzoni et al., 2012; Luplertlop et al., 2011; Sim et al., 2012) and 89 identified the anti-DENV functions of Cecropin (Luplertlop et al., 2011), putative Cystatin 90 and ankyrin-repeat proteins (Sim et al., 2012). Here, we characterized the SG immune 91 response to DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV. We performed the first high throughput RNA-92 sequencing (RNA-seq) in infected SGs and observed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) 93 related to immunity, apoptosis, blood-feeding and lipid metabolism. Using gene silencing, we 94 discovered that upregulated components of the Toll and IMD pathways had variable effects 95 against DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV. However, silencing of a JNK pathway upregulated 96 component increased, and silencing of a negative regulator decreased infection by the three 97 viruses in SGs. Further, we show that the JNK pathway is activated by all viruses and triggers 98 a cooperative complement and apoptosis response in SGs. This work identifies and 99 characterizes the JNK antiviral response that reduces DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in A. aegypti 100 SGs. 101 102 Results 103 Transcriptome regulation by DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in SGs 104 SGs were collected at 14 days post oral infection (dpi) with DENV and ZIKV, and at seven 105 dpi with CHIKV (Supplementary Figure 1) to account for variability between virus extrinsic 106 incubation periods (EIP) (Mbaika et al., 2016; Salazar et al., 2007). Differentially expressed 107 genes (DEGs) were calculated with DESeq2, edgeR and Cuffdiff 2, and showed little overlap 108 among the algorithms (Supplementary Figure 2). To validate DEGs and select which 109 software to use, we quantified the expression of 10 genes in a biological repeat with RT-1...

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Vector competence of Aedes aegypti in transmitting Chikungunya virus: effects and implications of extrinsic incubation temperature on dissemination and infection rates

Cited by 40 publications

References 71 publications

Dengue virus detection in Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae collected in rural areas of Anapoima, Cundinamarca, Colombia

Dengue virus detection in Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae collected in rural areas of Anapoima, Cundinamarca, Colombia

Seroprevalence of chikungunya fever virus and O’nyong Nyong fever virus among febrile patients visiting selected hospitals in 2011-2012 Trans Nzoia County, Kenya

JNK pathway restricts DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV infection by activating complement and apoptosis in mosquito salivary glands

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