VDD pacing in dogs: When, why and how to perform single-lead atrial synchronous, ventricular inhibited (VDD) pacing

Bulmer, Barret J.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2006.01.002

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…9A and B). As per the guidelines for human patients [67], the primary indication for single lead physiologic pacing is third-degree AVB with normal SA node function, because VDD PMs are unable to pace the atria during periods of sinus arrest and they are unable to maintain AV synchrony in patients with sinus node disease [3,10,110]. The prevalence of chronotropic incompetence in dogs with third-degree AVB is unknown.…”

Section: Indications For Pacing and Choice Of Pacing Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential for humans to develop sinus node disease after PM implantation is one argument against the utilization of a single lead physiologic PM [138]. In veterinary medicine, it has been described that dogs that present an atrial rate <70 beats per minute and a negative atropine response test (<25% increase of sinus rate 20e30 min post 0.04 mg/kg atropine SQ injection) [63] are excluded from consideration of single lead VDD PM implantation [110]. Other contraindications to physiologic VDD PMs are represented by AVB complicated by AF or supraventricular tachycardia.…”

Section: Indications For Pacing and Choice Of Pacing Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other contraindications to physiologic VDD PMs are represented by AVB complicated by AF or supraventricular tachycardia. Although physiologic pacing cannot be achieved in patients with AF, the automatic mode switching in most new generation pulse generators can help preventing inappropriate ventricular stimulation if infrequent paroxysms of non-sustained AF or supraventricular tachycardia occur during VDD pacing [110]. Furthermore, the atrial dipole of the lead has to be placed at the junction of the cranial vena cava and right atrium to avoid inappropriate atrial sensing.…”

Section: Indications For Pacing and Choice Of Pacing Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the atrial dipole of the lead has to be placed at the junction of the cranial vena cava and right atrium to avoid inappropriate atrial sensing. The likelihood to achieve this goal is dependent on the size of the dog and on the distance between the atrial array and the ventricular electrode (AV distance) [110]. A strict minimum weight for VDD PM implantation is difficult to establish but, in general, it is easier to appropriately position the pacing lead in larger dogs [110].…”

Section: Indications For Pacing and Choice Of Pacing Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The likelihood to achieve this goal is dependent on the size of the dog and on the distance between the atrial array and the ventricular electrode (AV distance) [110]. A strict minimum weight for VDD PM implantation is difficult to establish but, in general, it is easier to appropriately position the pacing lead in larger dogs [110]. In veterinary medicine, no large-scale, long-term studies in dogs with naturally occurring thirddegree AVB are available, and the decision of a physiologic PM mode implantation is based on the age of the dog and on its level of physical activity [110].…”

Section: Indications For Pacing and Choice Of Pacing Modementioning

confidence: 99%

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Indications for permanent pacing in dogs and cats

Santilli

Giacomazzi²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2019

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

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Pacemaker implantation is considered as a standard procedure for treatment of symptomatic bradycardia in both dogs and cats. Advanced second-degree and third-degree atrioventricular blocks, sick sinus syndrome, persistent atrial standstill, and vasovagal syncope are the most common rhythm disturbances that require pacing to either alleviate clinical signs or prolong survival. Most pacemakers are implanted transvenously, using endocardial leads, but rarely epicardial leads may be necessary. To decide whether a patient is a candidate for pacing, as well as which pacing modality should be used, the clinician must have a clear understanding of the etiology, the pathophysiology, and the natural history of the most common bradyarrhythmias, as well as what result can be achieved by pacing patients with different rhythm disturbances. The goal of this review was, therefore, to describe the indications for pacing by evaluating the available evidence in both human and veterinary medicine. We described the etiology of bradyarrhythmias, clinical signs and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and the choice of pacing modality, taking into account how different choices may have different physiological consequences to selected patients. It is expected that this review will assist veterinarians in recognizing arrhythmias that may require permanent pacing and the risk-benefit of each pacing modality and its impact on outcome. ª

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Section: Indications For Pacing and Choice Of Pacing Modementioning

confidence: 99%