Vaterite coatings on electrospun polymeric fibers for biomedical applications

Abstract

The process of porous calcium carbonate (CaCO ) covering on electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers is described in this study. Uniform CaCO coatings, composed of vaterite microparticles and its aggregates, were formed on PCL fibers by mineral precipitation from solution under ultrasonic treatment. The porous structure of CaCO in vaterite polymorphic form is useful for loading of various substances (drugs and nanoparticles), and this property makes vaterite an appropriate material for design of drug delivery systems. Such mineralization was implemented to attain therapeutic and/or biological activity of tissue engineering scaffolds based on electrospun PCL, by means of CaCO coatings. Various structures and polymorphs of CaCO coatings were obtained by variation of growth conditions (time of fiber incubation in work solution, ultrasonic treatment of this system). Coating homogeneity, CaCO polymorphic form, morphology, and CaCO mass can be controlled by number of successive stages of fibrous material treatment. Cytotoxicity tests showed that PCL fibers mineralized with CaCO did not release substances toxic for cells. SEM images of PCL/CaCO scaffolds cultured with cells demonstrate that scaffolds supported cell adhesion and spreading. The presented results show the new technique of controlled PCL scaffold mineralization with vaterite, and an opportunity of using PCL/CaCO as scaffolds for tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 94-103, 2017.

Polymer- and Hybrid-Based Biomaterials for Interstitial, Connective, Vascular, Nerve, Visceral and Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering

“…Skin includes two anatomically, functionally, and developmentally distinct tissues: the epidermis, which has a role of barrier to infection and regulator of transdermal water loss, and the dermis, which has mechano and thermoreceptors, hair follicles, different glands and vessels [140]. When developing biomaterials for skin regeneration, it is important to remember that the main components of a successful biomaterial are ECM, cells and bioactive molecules that help cell growth or differentiation [141,142] In the case of the development of skin implants, scientists can start using not only pure polymers, because the restoration of the skin occurs much faster if one uses various combinations of polymers with nano- [143] or micro- [67] particles and bioactive substances [144]. Hydrogels can be also used, because, although they are soft, skin represents also a soft tissue [145][146][147][148].…”

“…In the case of the development of skin implants, scientists can start using not only pure polymers, because the restoration of the skin occurs much faster if one uses various combinations of polymers with nano- [143] or micro- [67] particles and bioactive substances [144]. Hydrogels can be also used, because, although they are soft, skin represents also a soft tissue [145][146][147][148].…”

“…Chitosan Macrophage activation, high hemostatic effect and no antigenicity. [145] Collagen with immobilized epidermal growth factor (EGF) PCL and PCL/Gelatin Improving cells adhesion and stimulation of mitosis via regulation of Ca and pH inside cells [146,147] Micelles with tannic acid PCL/Collagen mix Improving of angiogenesis and antimicrobial properties [148] CaCO 3 with tannic acid/PCL PCL Improving of angiogenesis and antimicrobial properties [67] Platelet lysate PCL/PLCL Haemostatic plug stops bleeding [234] PLGA based VEGF and TGF-β3 Differentiation and angiogenesis of cells. [144] PCL based EGF + VEGF Differentiation and angiogenesis of cells.…”

“…The only problem with PCL is a relatively poor cell adhesion [65]. Therefore, there is a large number of functionalization of this material from collagen to calcium carbonate [66,67]. Hybrid PCL materials can be applied to almost all types of tissues and organs from tendons to lungs [68,69].…”

Ca:Mg:Zn:CO 3 and Ca:Mg:CO 3 —tri- and bi-elemental carbonate microparticles for novel injectable self-gelling hydrogel–microparticle composites for tissue regeneration

“…CaCO3 has also been widely and successfully applied in bone regeneration (Viateau et al, 2013) and for implant surface modification (Savelyeva et al, 2017). CaCO3 microparticles have also been investigated as delivery vehicles for biologically active substances (Donatan et al, 2016, Svenskaya et al, 2016.…”