Vastus lateralis exhibits non‐homogenous adaptation to resistance training

Abstract

Changes in muscle architecture appear to occur in a non-homogeneous manner.

Reliability of Panoramic Ultrasound Imaging in Simultaneously Examining Muscle Size and Quality of the Hamstring Muscles in Young, Healthy Males and Females

“…These findings were comparable to the reliability of previous US studies examining the size and thickness of the quadriceps in young and older populations, reporting ICCs of 0.890-0.990 and SEM values of 0.460-1.260 cm 2 and 0.080-0.120 cm for CSA and MT measurements, respectively (Scanlon et al 2014;Wells et al 2014). For the hamstrings, reliability coefficients of 0.907-0.992 and SEM% values of 4.700%-5.460% have been reported for MT US measurements in the BF and ST muscles (Kellis et al 2009), which are also in the range of those observed in the present study.…”

“…Despite numerous research studies examining the reliability of US to measure muscle architecture of the locomotor-related lower body muscles such as the quadriceps and plantar flexors (Jajtner et al 2013;Melvin et al 2014;Rosenberg et al 2014;Scanlon et al 2014;Wells et al 2014), interestingly, we are aware of only a few studies to date that have examined the reliability of US to measure muscle architecture of the hamstring muscle group (i.e., biceps femoris [BF], semitendinosus [ST], semimembranosus [SM]) (Chleboun et al 2001;Kellis et al 2009;Timmins et al 2014). Specifically, Chleboun et al (2001), Kellis et al (2009) andTimmins et al (2014) reported that US was a valid and reliable assessment tool for examining MT, fascicle length and/or pennation angle of the BF and ST.…”

“…However, recent advancements in US technology, including the development of an extended field-of-view (panoramic) function, have now provided investigators with the ability to simultaneously examine the size and quality of large muscle groups from the same panoramic cross-sectional image (Rosenberg et al 2014). Recently, many studies have reported that using panoramic US to measure muscle size and quality from the same image provides a timeefficient and reliable technique for examining muscle morphology of the quadriceps and plantar flexors in young and older males and females (Melvin et al 2014;Rosenberg et al 2014;Scanlon et al 2014;Wells et al 2014). However, although these studies included both males and/or females as participants, interestingly, they did not compare the reliability between genders.…”

The training process: Planning for strength–power training in track and field. Part 1: Theoretical aspects

“…For example, bodybuilders have noted that to fully develop a muscle, a variety of different exercises for that muscle must be performed; an observation that is supported by considerable research. Several studies 26,27,[31][32][33] have indicated that as a result of resistance training muscle hypertrophy does not occur uniformly throughout a muscle nor does it occur uniformly in different regions (e.g., upper vs. lower body). This brings up the possibility of indiscriminant hypertrophy, which could interfere with performance.…”

Training-induced changes in architecture of human skeletal muscles: Current evidence and unresolved issues

“…In the 2000s, some studies showed an increase in fascicle length following resistance or competitive training [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] . Overall, training-induced increases in fascicle length are accompanied by an increase in muscle size (muscle hypertrophy, which is defined as an increase in muscle fiber area, muscle thickness, anatomical crosssectional area or volume in this article), although four studies failed to find muscle hypertrophy 45,52,54,55) and two studies did not show the data on muscle size 56,57) . Two studies observed a decrease in fascicle length of the gastrocnemius with 58) and without 59) muscle hypertrophy, and Timmins et al 55) showed a decrease in the fascicle length of BF without muscle hypertrophy.…”