The training process: Planning for strength–power training in track and field. Part 1: Theoretical aspects

DeWeese, Brad H.; Hornsby, W. Guy; Stone, Meg; Stone, Michael H.

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2015.07.003

Cited by 104 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…As described by DeWeese et al, 1 the training process describes the blending of many factors that provide for athlete enhancement. In addition, these training aspects are embodied within the annual plan.…”

Section: The Training Process: Putting It Togethermentioning

confidence: 99%

The training process: Planning for strength–power training in track and field. Part 2: Practical and applied aspects

DeWeese

Hornsby

Stone

et al. 2015

Journal of Sport and Health Science

Self Cite

120

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Planning training programs for strength/power track and field athletes requires an understanding of both training principles and training theory. The training principles are overload, variation, and specificity. Each of these principles must be incorporated into an appropriate system of training. Conceptually, periodization embraces training principles and offers advantages in planning, allowing for logical integration and manipulation of training variables such as exercise selection, intensification, and volume factors. The adaptation and progress of the athlete is to a large extent directly related to the ability of the coach/athlete to create and carry an efficient and efficacious training process. This ability includes: an understanding of how exercises affect physiological and performance adaptation (i.e., maximum force, rate of force development, power, etc.), how to optimize transfer of training effect ensuring that training exercises have maximum potential for carryover to performance, and how to implement programs with variations at appropriate levels (macro, meso, and micro) such that fatigue management is enhanced and performance progress is optimized. The training process: putting it togetherAs described by DeWeese et al., 1 the training process describes the blending of many factors that provide for athlete enhancement. In addition, these training aspects are embodied within the annual plan. This comprehensive list of aspects can include the training plan (length of periods, exercises, workloads), forms of recovery (nutrition, sleep, physiotherapy), sport-science (evidence-based approach to training), and the athlete-monitoring program (tests that ensure proper development through objective assessment).Periodization provides the basic framework in terms of fitness phases and timelines, while programming involves making decisions related to the number of repetitions, sets, intensity of exercise and training, volume, and rate of progression. As introduced in Part 1, 1 the "Block " method of meeting the tenants of periodization has been demonstrated to be a superior method attacking the complications associated with training and competition for the majority of track and field events in a modern competition setting. For instance, Block Programming may promote more efficient training priorities while maximizing the maintenance of strength/power characteristics, which can ultimately bolster the tapering/peaking phase leading into a major competition. PeriodizationRecall that periodization is an integral part of annual planning and represents the theoretical framework for developing a training program. Based on the definition presented in Part 1, a basic tenet of periodization is training nonlinearity. The primary goals of periodization include (a) an appropriate balance of training loads and competitive readiness during the season, (b) fatigue management and the reduction of overtraining potential, and (c) adequately staging and timing of the peak. These goals are primarily met by appropriate variation (no...

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Section: The Training Process: Putting It Togethermentioning

confidence: 99%

The training process: Planning for strength–power training in track and field. Part 2: Practical and applied aspects

DeWeese

Hornsby

Stone

et al. 2015

Journal of Sport and Health Science

Self Cite

120

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“…Weeks 5 through 8 consisted of increased loading and increased training intensity. Similarly, loads were increased each week during weeks 5 through 7 by approximately 5–10% and decreased during the 8 th week to allow for dissipation of fatigue (17, 18, 54). Post-testing was performed during the 9 th week, 2–3 days after the last workout session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally evidence indicates block periodization schemes, particularly among athletes (17, 18, 43), can provide superior adaptive efficacy and training efficiency. Briefly: Periodization entails time-lines and fitness phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is the method by which the fitness phases are given structure and targeted fitness characteristics attained. Block periodization typically entails using a periodization “stage” containing three fitness phases (17, 18), Accumulation, Transmutation, and Realization. Programming for these three phases is different for different sports but would typically entail: Accumulation, generally corresponding to an emphasis on higher volume, less specific training that results in alterations in aspects such as work capacity, body composition, basic strength etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Transmutation entails somewhat more specific exercises, lower volume and somewhat higher intensities of training and can entail increases in maximum strength for specific exercises; Realization typically deals with very specific exercises and involves a taper. For strength-power sports the emphasis would generally be: accumulation, emphasis on strength endurance, work capacity and body composition alterations, particularly total muscle CSA and the muscle fiber type II/I CSA; Transmutation would be constructed to emphasize exercise specific strength gains and further target the II/CSA area; Realization would entail an emphasis on increasing power output in performance specific activities as well as a taper in order to dissipate fatigue and possibly alter MHC type from IIa to IIx (17, 18). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Short-Term Free-Weight and Semiblock Periodization Resistance Training on Metabolic Syndrome

South

Layne

Stuart

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The effects of short-term resistance training on performance and health variables associated with prolonged sedentary lifestyle and metabolic syndrome were investigated. Resistance training may alter a number of health-related, physiological and performance variables. As a result, resistance training can be used as a valuable tool in ameliorating the effects of a sedentary lifestyle including those associated with metabolic syndrome. Nineteen previously sedentary subjects (10 metabolic syndrome, 9 non-metabolic syndrome) underwent 8 weeks of supervised resistance training. Maximum strength was measured using an isometric mid-thigh pull and resulting force-time curve. Vertical jump height and power were measured using a force plate. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and type were examined using muscle biopsy and standard analysis techniques. Aerobic power was measured on a cycle ergometer using a ParvoMedics 2400 Metabolic system. Endurance was measured as time to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. After training, maximum isometric strength, jump height, jump power and V̇O2 peak increased by approximately 10% (or more) in both the metabolic and non-metabolic syndrome groups (both male and female subjects). Over 8 weeks of training, body mass did not change statistically, but percent body fat decreased in subjects with the metabolic syndrome and in females, and lean body mass increased in all groups (p<0.05). Few alterations were noted in fiber type. Males had larger CSA’s compared to females and there was a fiber-specific trend toward hypertrophy over time. In summary eight weeks of semi-block free-weight resistance training improved several performance variables and some cardiovascular factors associated with metabolic syndrome.

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Adaptation of Training Plans

Fister

2018

Computational Intelligence in Sports

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The training process: Planning for strength–power training in track and field. Part 1: Theoretical aspects

Cited by 104 publications

References 55 publications

The training process: Planning for strength–power training in track and field. Part 2: Practical and applied aspects

The training process: Planning for strength–power training in track and field. Part 2: Practical and applied aspects

Effects of Short-Term Free-Weight and Semiblock Periodization Resistance Training on Metabolic Syndrome

Adaptation of Training Plans

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