Vasorelaxation effect of Glycyrrhizae uralensis through the endothelium-dependent Pathway

Vasorelaxant properties of Vernonia amygdalina ethanol extract and its possible mechanism

“…To determine the effects of VAE on nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), the endothelium-intact aortic rings were incubated with the NO synthase inhibitor, L -NAME (10 µM), PGI 2 synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin (10 µM), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor, ODQ (1 µM), and cGMP lowering agent, methylene blue (10 µM) for 20 min prior to pre-contraction by PE (Tan, Ch’ng, et al. 2017 ). Comparisons were made between the cumulative concentration–response of VAE to the aortic rings with and without pre-incubation with the above inhibitors.…”

“…To investigate the role of VAE on muscarinic receptors and β 2 -adrenergic receptors, endothelium-intact aortic rings were incubated with muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine (1 µM) and β 2 -adrenergic antagonist, propranolol (1 µM) for 20 min prior to pre-contraction with PE (1 µM) (Tan, Ch’ng, et al. 2017 ). A comparison was made between the cumulative concentration response of VAE on aortic rings with and without pre-incubation with the abovementioned inhibitors.…”

“… 2010 ; Tan, Ch’ng, et al. 2017 ). The results obtained were compared between the cumulative concentration response of VAE in aortic rings with and without pre-incubation with the blockers mentioned above.…”

Orthogonal Stimulus-Response as a Tool to Formulate Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbal Combination

“…Generally, there are three key information that could be speculated from the findings presented above, the results of these research clearly presented the competency of combined drugs over single drugs in terms of exhibiting vasodilatory effects, the orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility study approach could be used to formulate TCM formula in terms of treating complex diseases, and the crude extracts of the herbs could provide promising therapeutic effects rather than single compounds due to holistic mechanisms of actions whilst providing cost-effective beneficial from the commercial viewpoint as compared to pure compound [ 21 – 24 ].…”

Overview of the Microenvironment of Vasculature in Vascular Tone Regulation

“…The production of these second messengers are strictly dependent on the activation of various types of the receptors that are located on the vasculature including EDRFs, enzyme-linked, G-protein-coupled, and channel-linked receptors. According to literatures, the vasodilative receptors are more frequently being included in the experimental study on mechanisms of actions of test compounds rather than vasoconstrictive receptors [ 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. Therefore, following the current trend of pharmacological research, all the vasodilation-mediated receptors pathways that should be investigated during the mechanisms of actions study of test compounds were suggested at this section.…”