Vascularization of the Periodontal Tissues in the Adult Laboratory Rat

Abstract

A study was undertaken to find a standard method that would be relatively reproducible and would visualize the vascular changes in hard and soft tissues that accompany pathologic changes. Each tooth and its surroundings were found to have a complex vascular network that is directed to its particular function. Also each network is closely connected with other vascular networks; they form a complex blood supply source which, when necessary, can easily provide a compensatory blood supply.Most pathologic changes in both hard and soft tissues are accompanied by changes in blood supply. It seemed useful to find a standard method that would provide a relatively reproducible way to visualize such vascular changes.Addison and Appleton' observed that rats' teeth have a rich blood supply. Gulat2 described, in part, the vascularization of the rat incisor. Kindlova and Matena3,4 obtained better details by injecting the blood vessels of rats with colored latex, and emphasized especially the vessels of the incisor. Kindlova5 6 and Egelberg7 found in the coronal gingiva facing molars, capillary loops that differed from those in the gingiva facing the oral cavity. Adams8 described the vascularization of the enamel organ of the incisor only. Cutright and Bhaskar,9 by use of silicone rubber perfusion, found communicating vessels between the lower lip and periodontium in the lower incisor region in monkeys. Saunders'0 suggested there was a close relationship between gingival periodontal and pulpal circulation at the apical region. Kindloval" also found that the network facing the epithelial attachment develops independently from the periodontal or gingival vessels, and that a circular vessel

Surgery without papilla incision: tunneling flap procedures in plastic periodontal and implant surgery

“…However, in the latter of these two studies, it was demonstrated that the initial revascularization of the marginal gingiva was established through vessels coming from the periodontal ligament. As other authors observed similar effects also in later experiments , it may be assumed that the periodontal ligament appears to have a certain potential to provide for a compensatory vascular supply to the gingiva when specific needs arise such as, for instance, when a flap has been elevated .…”

Blood Supply of Human Gingiva Following Periodontal Surgery: A Fluorescein Angiographic Study

“…8 However, in the latter study, the initial revascularization of the gingiva was derived from vessels of the periodontal ligament, thus demon strating a potential for extensive collateral circulation to the gingiva from the periodontal ligament. Garfunkel and Sciaky 9 have made a similar observation in describing the vasculature of the gingiva and periodon tal ligament. Kennedy 10 also showed that when specific needs arise a compensatory blood supply can be pro vided easily.…”

Development of the Vascular Supply in the Dental Pulp of Rat Molars Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Microcorrosion Casts

“…Invasion of terminal pulpal capillaries into the odontoblastic layer has been reported in the rat incisor' , 8,22,23,25), rat molar4'5'8'12), mouse molar7), dog9'16), cat2'6'11), rabbit18) and man15 '19). Among these reports, Bernick (1962)5) demonstrated that the terminal pulpal capillaries gradually withdrew from the predentin border to the odontoblastic-pulpal border with advancing age.…”

“…The vascular architecture of the dental pulp has been examined primarily by light microscopy with injection of dyes1, 2,4,5,8,9,11,15,16,19), radiopaque medium3'2°) or latex silicone13). However, the three-dimensional microvascular architecture of the pulpal vessels had not yet been fully elucidated due to the limited resolution and shallow focus inherent to light microscopy.…”