Vascular Mechanisms to Induce Acute Pancreatitis

Abstract

Vascular mechanisms are not standard tools to induce acute pancreatitis. They are used for special purposes to investigate the pathophysiologic significance of circulatory changes in acute pancreatitis. Because of the rich collateral network, occlusion of the main pancreatic arteries induces no pathological change. Complete occlusion of the venous outflow induces hemorrhagic necrosis of the pancreas, disturbances of the microcirculation, edema and focal parenchymal necrosis as in acute pancreatitis. In the last model, pancreatic and systemic alterations can be examined.

Therapeutic Small-Volume Resuscitation Preserves Pancreatic Microcirculation in Acute Experimental Pancreatitis of Graded Severity in Rats

“…Among other factors, microcirculatory impairment has been reported to play an important role in the initiation of the pathophysiologic cascade leading to acute pancreatitis [2,4,11,[26][27][28] . Furthermore, ischemia and hypoperfusion can convert an edematous pancreatitis into a hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis [29,30] . Fluid resuscitation is the only effective therapeutic measure in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.…”

Deleterious Effect of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Course of Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

“…Hp infection additionally reduced pancreatic blood thereby aggravating pancreatic ischemia. Pancreatic cell hypoxia causing subcellular damage activates the release of lysosomal and exocrine enzymes [30] leading to pancreatic autodigestion, tissue damage, production of reactive oxygen free species [31] and the induction of pancreatitis [32,33]. The severity of pancreatitis is closely correlated with tissue ischemia.…”

“…The severity of pancreatitis is closely correlated with tissue ischemia. A disturbance in pancreatic circulation and persistent pancreatic tissue ischemia is observed in all types of experimental models of acute pancreatitis, and is noted in clinical studies in this field [30,[34][35][36][37]. Moderate and severe pancreatitis was found to be accompanied by a progressive decrease in pancreatic blood perfusion [37].…”

Basic Experimental Pancreatitis Models for Beginners

“…Changes in vascular perfusion of pancreas leads to pancreatitis in many animals including dogs, rats, cats [91,92].…”

“…Venous occlusion and disturbance of pancreatic microcirculation have low repeatability. Thus, the vascular-induced pancreatitis model has become less popular [97].…”