Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in Human Prostate Cancer: In Situ and in Vitro Expression of VEGF by Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Ferrer, Fernando; Miller, Lauri J.; Andrawis, Ramez; Kurtzman, Scott H.; Albertsen, Peter C.; Laudone, Vincent P.; Kreutzer, Donald L.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64775-x

Cited by 238 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the two malignant metastasis-derived cell lines, PC-3 and DU145, the expression of VEGF mRNA was fourfold and tenfold respectively higher than that expressed by the benign PNT-2 cells. These results suggest that the enhanced expression of the VEGF gene is associated with the malignant characteristics of human prostate cells, which is consistent with previous published works (Ferrer et al, 1997;Connolly and Rose 1998;Balbay et al, 1999;Melnyk et al, 1999). A similar pattern of VEGF expression was also detected in the rat cell lines used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Recently, it has also been suggested that the patients with metastatic prostate cancer have higher plasma VEGF levels than those with localized disease or healthy controls (Duque et al, 1999). Over-expression of VEGF by malignant prostate carcinoma cells as shown by our investigation and other reports (Ferrer et al, 1997;Connolly and Rose 1998;Balbay et al, 1999;Melnyk et al, 1999) may contribute to the elevated serum or plasma VEGF levels. More studies are needed to confirm the predictive utility of the VEGF produced by malignant prostate cells themselves.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Furthermore, it is not completely understood whether it is the VEGF or other angiogenic factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and interleukin-8, which have also been detected in some prostate tissues (Deshmukh et al, 1997;Haggstrom et al, 1998), that are responsible for neovascularization required for the malignant progression of prostate cancer cells. There is no experimental data to show whether the VEGF produced by a human prostate carcinoma cell line (Ferrer et al, 1997) is capable to induce angiogenesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chen¹,

Treweeke²,

Ke³

et al. 2000

Br J Cancer

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent factors for stimulating angiogenesis, an essential process required for expansion of primary tumour and dissemination of malignant cells. To investigate the possible role of VEGF in facilitating metastasis of prostate cancer via stimulating angiogenesis, we have used Northern and slot blotting, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, nucleotide sequence analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to compare the VEGF expression in series of human and rat cell lines with either benign or malignant characteristics. We have also employed the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to measure the angiogenic activity of the VEGF derived from both benign and malignant cells. The level of VEGF mRNA expressed in the seven malignant human and rat cell lines is 3.5- to 10-fold higher than that expressed in the benign cell lines. The three metastatic variants, generated by transfection of a benign cell line with DNA extracted from prostate carcinoma cells, expressed 2.5 to 5 times more VEGF mRNA than their parental benign cells. While VEGF 121 and 165 were predominantly expressed by both the benign and malignant cells, the transcript representing VEGF 189 isoform was only detected in the malignant cells. At protein level, three human malignant cell lines produced more VEGF (2.7–7.9 ng ml −1 ) than the benign cell line (1.3 ng ml −1 ). CAM assay detected a VEGF-dependent angiogenic activity in the medium from malignant cells, but only a relatively weak VEGF-independent activity in the medium from benign cells. These results demonstrated that malignant cells did over-express VEGF and only the VEGF derived from malignant cells was angiogenically active. Thus, we suggest that the VEGF produced by malignant cells might play an important role in facilitating metastasis of prostatic cancer. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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confidence: 99%

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Chen¹,

Treweeke²,

Ke³

et al. 2000

Br J Cancer

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“…10 Immunohistochemical (IHC) studies of VEGF in CaP have varied. One study shows increased expression of VEGF in CaP specimens, but not in normal or BPH specimens, 11 while another reports widespread distribution of VEGF staining in CaP and BPH specimens. 12 bFGF is also a pro-angiogenic molecule and will induce endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and protease expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of angiogenic cytokines by cell lines and primary cultures of human prostate cancer

Dall′Era

Shih

Yang

et al. 2001

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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“…7,8 However, conflicting immunohistochemical (IHC) data show both increased expression of VEGF in CaP specimens, but not in normal or BPH specimens, and widespread distribution of VEGF staining in CaP and BPH specimens. 9,10 Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induces endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and protease expression. 11 The level of bFGF protein in whole tumor extracts of CaP is higher than that in extracts of uninvolved prostate peripheral zone tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements regulating angiogenesis and correlative microvessel density in benign hyperplastic and malignant prostate tissue

Shih

Dall′Era

Westphal³

et al. 2003

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Purpose: To quantify the ex vivo production of proangiogenic proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)) and angiogenesis inhibitors (plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) and angiostatin) from epithelial and stromal components of primary prostate cancer (CaP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cultures. To perform microvessel density (MVD) counts on sections of BPH and CaP from the same prostatectomy specimens. Scope: Angiogenic cytokine expression was measured by immunoassays and in vitro angiostatin generating capacities assessed using immunoblotting. CaP and BPH tissue was immunostained using factor VIII antibody to determine MVD. Conclusions: Elements regulating angiogenesis are present in both primary cultures of CaP and BPH, suggesting that angiogenic ability is well established in the absence of carcinoma.

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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in Human Prostate Cancer: In Situ and in Vitro Expression of VEGF by Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Cited by 238 publications

References 23 publications

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Differential expression of angiogenic cytokines by cell lines and primary cultures of human prostate cancer

Elements regulating angiogenesis and correlative microvessel density in benign hyperplastic and malignant prostate tissue

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