Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Produced in Nasal Glands of Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Abstract

In allergic rhinitis, there was significant VEGF production in serous acini, which was hypersecreted after antigen provocation. VEGF may play an important role in pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis.

Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on nasal vascular permeability

“…In addition, VEGF was found to increase vascular permeability 20 times more potently in nasal mucosa than in skin, on the basis of molar units. Another important finding is that doses of VEGF between 10 and 20 pg/mL, which have been detected in nasal secretions of allergic rhinitis patients in our hospital, are sufficient to increase vascular permeability in nasal mucosa 9…”

“…Because VEGF 165 is the most dominant secretary form, and is known to have the strongest biological activity with regard to inflammation and tumor growth, VEGF 165 was selected among the five VEGF isoforms (VEGF 121 , VEGF 145 , VEGF 165 , VEGF 189 , and VEGF 206 ) for use in this study 9, 11, 12. The biological effects of VEGF are mediated by three receptors, VEGFR‐1, ‐2, and ‐3.…”

“…After 20 minutes, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), histamine dihydrochloride (2 μg, 10 μg, or 50 μg) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) or recombinant human VEGF 165 (2 pg, 2 ng, 2 μg, or 10 μg) (PeproTech EC, Inc., London, UK) was dropped into the nasal cavities. Histamine doses were determined based on an earlier experiment,10 and VEGF doses used were decided based on the VEGF concentrations present in nasal secretions in allergic rhinitis 9. Twenty minutes after dropping PBS, histamine, or VEGF, 20‐mL saline perfusion was carried out from the heart immediately after phlebotomy by resection of the abdominal aorta.…”

“…We previously reported that VEGF levels in nasal discharge are significantly higher in perennial allergic rhinitis sensitized by house dust mites than in nonallergic rhinosinusitis. Furthermore, VEGF is produced at greater levels after antigen provocation than before 9. It seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis.…”

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of EM900 on Cultured Human Nasal Epithelial Cells

“…According to studies using fibroblasts from nasal polyps, VEGF production increases under hypoxic conditions in paranasal sinuses 11 , particularly in cases with allergic rhinitis; a significant increase in VEGF production from nasal mucosal fibroblasts is regarded as an exacerbating factor for allergic CRS 12 . Hence, VEGF seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRS.…”