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While, to date, several evidences have indicated that the mechanisms by which 14-membered ring macrolides reduce inflammation are not simply bactericidal, these results suggest another new mechanism of efficacy of macrolides in treating chronic rhinosinusitis.

VEGF increased vascular permeability to a greater degree than histamine in nasal mucosa via a different pathway. Regulating VEGF may be a new therapeutic option for persistent nasal symptoms in allergic rhinitis.